Depletion-of-susceptibles bias in influenza vaccine waning studies: how to ensure robust results
Vaccine effectiveness studies are subject to biases due to depletion-of-persons at risk of infection, or at especially high risk of infection, at different rates from different groups (depletion-of-susceptibles bias), a problem that can also lead to biase...
Author(s): Lipsitch M; Goldstein E; Ray GT; Fireman B
Epidemiol Infect. 2019 Nov 27;147:e306. Epub 2019-11-27.
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Validity of Self-reported Cannabis Use Among Pregnant Females in Northern California
Most clinical and epidemiologic estimates of prenatal cannabis use are based on self-report, and the validity of self-reported cannabis use has not been examined in a large, representative population of pregnant women. We determined the validity of self-r...
Author(s): Young-Wolff KC; Sarovar V; Tucker LY; Goler N; Conway A; Weisner C; Armstrong MA; Alexeeff S
J Addict Med. 2019 Nov 04.
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Use of Time-Dependent Propensity Scores to Adjust Hazard Ratio Estimates in Cohort Studies with Differential Depletion of Susceptibles
Estimating hazard ratios (HR) presents challenges for time-to-event analyses of cohorts with differential depletion of susceptibles. When the treatment effect is not null, cohorts that were balanced at baseline tend to become unbalanced on baseline charac...
Author(s): Wyss R; Fireman B; et al.
Epidemiology. 2019 Sep 26.
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Time-to-event analysis when the event is defined on a finite time interval
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a frequent complication following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Research on risk factors for acute GVHD has tended to ignore two important clinical issues. First, post-transplant mortality is high. In ...
Author(s): Lee C; Lee SJ; Haneuse S
Stat Methods Med Res. 2019 Aug 22:962280219869364.
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Depletion of Susceptibles Bias in Analyses of Intra-season Waning of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness
Bias arises in studies of waning vaccine effectiveness when higher-risk individuals are depleted from the population at-risk, at different rates between study groups. We examine how this bias arises and how it can be avoided. Reanalysis of data from Calif...
Author(s): Ray GT; Lewis N; Klein NP; Daley MF; Lipsitch M; Fireman B
Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Jul 28.
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If Influenza Vaccines Wane Can We Delay Vaccination Without Compromising Coverage?
Author(s): Klein NP; Fireman B
Clin Infect Dis. 2019 Jun 29.
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Targeted learning with daily EHR data
Electronic health records (EHR) data provide a cost- and time-effective opportunity to conduct cohort studies of the effects of multiple time-point interventions in the diverse patient population found in real-world clinical settings. Because the computat...
Author(s): Sofrygin O; Zhu Z; Schmittdiel JA; Adams AS; Grant RW; van der Laan MJ; Neugebauer R
Stat Med. 2019 Apr 25.
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Reproductive Factors and Mammographic Density: Associations Among 24,840 Women and Comparison of Studies Using Digitized Film-Screen Mammography and Full-Field Digital Mammography
Breast density is a modifiable factor that is strongly associated with breast cancer risk. We sought to understand the influence of newer technologies of full-field digital mammography (FFDM) on breast density research and to determine whether results are...
Author(s): Alexeeff SE; Achacoso N; Habel LA; et al.
Am J Epidemiol. 2019 Mar 13.
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Comparative effectiveness of treatment of actinic keratosis with topical fluorouracil and imiquimod in the prevention of keratinocyte carcinoma: a cohort study
The effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil compared to imiquimod for preventing keratinocyte carcinoma is unknown. To compare the effectiveness of 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod in preventing keratinocyte carcinoma in a real-world practice setting. We identified 5...
Author(s): Neugebauer R; Su KA; Zhu Z; Sokil M; Chren MM; Friedman GD; Asgari MM
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2018 Nov 17.
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simcausal R Package: Conducting Transparent and Reproducible Simulation Studies of Causal Effect Estimation with Complex Longitudinal Data
The simcausal R package is a tool for specification and simulation of complex longitudinal data structures that are based on non-parametric structural equation models. The package aims to provide a flexible tool for simplifying the conduct of transparent ...
Author(s): Sofrygin O; van der Laan MJ; Neugebauer R
J Stat Softw. 2017;81. Epub 2017-10-16.
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Intra-season Waning of Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness
In the United States it is recommended that health care providers offer influenza vaccination by October, if possible. However, if the vaccine's effectiveness soon begins to wane, the optimal time for vaccination may be somewhat later. We examined whether...
Author(s): Ray GT; Lewis N; Klein NP; Daley MF; Wang SV; Kulldorff M; Fireman B
Clin Infect Dis. 2018 Sep 10.
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Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage
Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) remain one of the medications most widely used by pregnant women, and previous studies reported an increased risk of miscarriage associated with NSAID use during pregnancy. Although the findings have not alwa...
Author(s): Li DK; Ferber JR; Odouli R; Quesenberry C
Am J Obstet Gynecol. 2018 Jun 08.
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High-resolution mapping of traffic related air pollution with Google street view cars and incidence of cardiovascular events within neighborhoods in Oakland, CA
Some studies have linked long-term exposure to traffic related air pollutants (TRAP) with adverse cardiovascular health outcomes; however, previous studies have not linked highly variable concentrations of TRAP measured at street-level within neighborhood...
Author(s): Alexeeff SE; Roy A; Shan J; Liu X; Messier K; Apte JS; Portier C; Sidney S; Van Den Eeden SK
Environ Health. 2018 May 15;17(1):38. Epub 2018-05-15.
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A real-world, community-based cohort study comparing the effectiveness of topical fluoruracil vs. topical imiquimod for the treatment of actinic keratosis
The most widely used topical agents for the field-based treatment of multiple actinic keratoses (AKs) are 5-fluorouracil and imiquimod, but their comparative effectiveness has not been assessed in a real-world setting. We compared the effectiveness of 5-f...
Author(s): Neugebauer R; Levandoski KA; Zhu Z; Sokil M; Chren MM; Friedman GD; Asgari MM
J Am Acad Dermatol. 2017 Dec 22.
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Exposure to Magnetic Field Non-Ionizing Radiation and the Risk of Miscarriage: A Prospective Cohort Study
Magnetic field (MF) non-ionizing radiation is widespread and everyone is exposed to some degree. This prospective cohort study of 913 pregnant women examined the association between high MF exposure and miscarriage risk. Cox (proportional hazards) regress...
Author(s): Li DK; Chen H; Ferber JR; Odouli R; Quesenberry C
Sci Rep. 2017 Dec 13;7(1):17541. Epub 2017-12-13.
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Prospective Postmarketing Surveillance of Acute Myocardial Infarction in New Users of Saxagliptin: A Population-Based Study
The cardiovascular safety of saxagliptin, a dipeptidyl-peptidase 4 inhibitor, compared with other antihyperglycemic treatments is not well understood. We prospectively examined the association between saxagliptin use and acute myocardial infarction (AMI)....
Author(s): Toh S; Reichman ME; Graham DJ; Hampp C; Zhang R; Butler MG; Iyer A; Rucker M; Pimentel M; Hamilton J; Lendle S; Fireman BH; Mini-Sentinel Saxagliptin-AMI Surveillance Writing Group
Diabetes Care. 2017 Nov 09.
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simcausal R Package: Conducting Transparent and Reproducible Simulation Studies of Causal Effect Estimation with Complex Longitudinal Data
The simcausal R package is a tool for specification and simulation of complex longitudinal data structures that are based on non-parametric structural equation models. The package aims to provide a flexible tool for simplifying the conduct of transparent ...
Author(s): Oleg Sofrygin; Mark J. van der Laan; Romain Neugebauer
Sofrygin O, van der Laan MJ and Neugebauer R (2017). simcausal R Package: Conducting Transparent and Reproducible Simulation Studies of Causal Effect Estimation with Complex Longitudinal Data. Journal of Statistical Software, 81(2), pp. 1–47. doi: 10.18637/jss.v081.i02
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Age at menarche and late adolescent adiposity associated with mammographic density on processed digital mammograms in 24,840 women
High mammographic density is strongly associated with increased breast cancer risk. Some, but not all, risk factors for breast cancer are also associated with higher mammographic density. The study cohort (N=24,840) was drawn from the Research Program in ...
Author(s): Alexeeff SE; Odo N; Lipson JA; Achacoso N; Rothstein JH; Yaffe MJ; Liang RY; Acton L; McGuire V; Whitmore AS; Rubin DL; Sieh W; Habel LA
Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 2017 Jul 11.
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Identification of the joint effect of a dynamic treatment intervention and a stochastic monitoring intervention under the no direct effect assumption
The management of chronic conditions is characterized by frequent re-assessment of therapy decisions in response to the patient's changing condition over the course of the illness. Evidence most suitable to inform care thus often concerns the contrast of ...
Author(s): Neugebauer R; Schmittdiel JA; Adams AS; Grant RW; van der Laan MJ
J Causal Inference. 2017 03;5(1). Epub 2017-01-18.
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Semi-Parametric Estimation and Inference for the Mean Outcome of the Single Time-Point Intervention in a Causally Connected Population.
Abstract We study the framework for semi-parametric estimation and statistical inference for the sample average treatment-specific mean effects in observational settings where data are collected on a single network of connected units (e.g.,...
Author(s): Sofrygin O; van der Laan MJ;
J Causal Inference. 2017 Mar;5(1). pii: 20160003. doi: 10.1515/jci-2016-0003. Epub 2016 Nov 29.
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Risks and Predictors of Gastric Adenocarcinoma in Patients with Gastric Intestinal Metaplasia and Dysplasia: A Population-Based Study
Gastric intestinal metaplasia and dysplasia are precursor lesions for adenocarcinoma. The risks of progression to malignancy from these lesions are not well characterized, particularly in the US populations. We identified 4,331 Kaiser Permanente Northern ...
Author(s): Li D; Bautista MC; Jiang SF; Daryani P; Brackett M; Armstrong MA; Hung YY; Postlethwaite D; Ladabaum U
Am J Gastroenterol. 2016 May 17.
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A Case Study of the Impact of Data-Adaptive Versus Model-Based Estimation of the Propensity Scores on Causal Inferences from Three Inverse Probability Weighting Estimators
Consistent estimation of causal effects with inverse probability weighting estimators is known to rely on consistent estimation of propensity scores. To alleviate the bias expected from incorrect model specification for these nuisance parameters in observ...
Author(s): Neugebauer R; Schmittdiel JA; van der Laan MJ
Int J Biostat. 2016 May 1;12(1):131-55.
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Evaluation of propensity scores, disease risk scores, and regression in confounder adjustment for the safety of emerging treatment with group sequential monitoring
The objective of this study was to evaluate regression, matching, and stratification on propensity score (PS) or disease risk score (DRS) in a setting of sequential analyses where statistical hypotheses are tested multiple times. In a setting of sequentia...
Author(s): Xu S; Shetterly S; Cook AJ; Raebel MA; Goonesekera S; Shoaibi A; Roy J; Fireman B
Pharmacoepidemiol Drug Saf. 2016 Feb 15.
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Does adopting a prenatal substance use protocol reduce racial disparities in CPS reporting related to maternal drug use? A California case study
This study examined whether adopting a standardized prenatal substance use protocol (protocol) in a hospital labor and delivery unit reduced racial disparities in reporting to child protective services (CPS) related to maternal drug use during pregnancy. ...
Author(s): Roberts SC; Zahnd E; Sufrin C; Armstrong MA
J Perinatol. 2015 Feb;35(2):146-50. Epub 2014-09-18.
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High-dimensional propensity score algorithm in comparative effectiveness research with time-varying interventions
The high-dimensional propensity score (hdPS) algorithm was proposed for automation of confounding adjustment in problems involving large healthcare databases. It has been evaluated in comparative effectiveness research (CER) with point treatments to handl...
Author(s): Neugebauer R; Schmittdiel JA; Zhu Z; Rassen JA; Seeger JD; Schneeweiss S
Stat Med. 2014 Dec 8.
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