Schaefer, Catherine
Research interests include the epidemiology of psychiatric and neurologic disorders.
Herrinton, Lisa J.
Research interests include inflammatory bowel disease epidemiology.
Can hydroxychloroquine prevent preeclampsia and preterm delivery in lupus pregnancy?
Pregnant women with lupus are at high risk to develop preeclampsia and preterm delivery. This work leverages three large population-based…
Time-to-event analysis when the event is defined on a finite time interval
Acute graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) is a frequent complication following hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT). Research on risk factors for acute GVHD…
miRNA contributions to pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis inferred from GWAS
Onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs in childhood for approximately 5% of cases (pediatric MS, or ped-MS). Epigenetic influences are…
Long term risk of developing type 1 diabetes after HPV vaccination in males and females
Despite minimal evidence, public concerns that the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine can cause autoimmune diseases (AD) persist. We evaluated whether…
A meta-analysis of two high-risk prospective cohort studies reveals autism-specific transcriptional changes to chromatin, autoimmune, and environmental response genes in umbilical cord blood
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects more than 1% of children in the USA. ASD risk…
Genetic risk factors for pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis
Strong evidence supports the role of both genetic and environmental factors in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) etiology. We comprehensively investigated…
Incorporating machine learning approaches to assess putative environmental risk factors for multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis (MS) incidence has increased recently, particularly in women, suggesting a possible role of one or more environmental exposures…
Remote assessment of verbal memory in MS patients using the California Verbal Learning Test
We used the California Verbal Learning Test, Second Edition (CVLT-II), one component of the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for Multiple…
Improving the quality of care and patient experience of care during the diagnosis of lupus: a qualitative study of primary care
Purpose To better understand diagnostic delay and doctor-patient communication during the diagnosis of systemic lupus erythematous in patients without malar…
The Incidence and Prevalence of Systemic Lupus Erythematosus in San Francisco County, California: The California Lupus Surveillance Project
Estimates of the incidence and prevalence of systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) in the US have varied widely. The purpose of…
Evidence for a causal relationship between low vitamin D, high BMI, and pediatric-onset MS
To utilize Mendelian randomization to estimate the causal association between low serum vitamin D concentrations, increased body mass index (BMI),…
Cognitive Function and Physical Disability in White, Black and Hispanic MS Patients
Cognitive impairment, physical disability and progressive disease are common but understudied clinical outcomes that substantially impact quality of life for…
Developing and Disseminating Programs to Build Sustainable Lupus Awareness, Knowledge, Skills and Partnerships
This program, with funding through Lupus Foundation of America, is a new initiative to improve health outcomes and health-related quality…
Causal Effect of Genetic Variants Associated With Body Mass Index on Multiple Sclerosis Susceptibility
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease with both genetic and environmental risk factors. Recent studies indicate that childhood and…
Novel Strategies to Identify G x E Contributions to MS Pathogensis
The goal of the study is to examine potential gene X environment interactions in relation to risk and progression of…
Mendelian randomization shows a causal effect of low vitamin D on multiple sclerosis risk
We sought to estimate the causal effect of low serum 25(OH)D on multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility that is not confounded…
Multiple sclerosis risk loci and disease severity in 7,125 individuals from 10 studies
We investigated the association between 52 risk variants identified through genome-wide association studies and disease severity in multiple sclerosis (MS).…
Risk of Serious Infection for Patients with Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Starting Glucocorticoids with or without Antimalarials
To compare serious infection risk for systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) patients starting glucocorticoids (GC), antimalarials (AM), or their combination. We…
Feasibility study for remote assessment of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis
Cognitive impairment is common in multiple sclerosis (MS), and affects employment and quality of life. Large studies are needed to…
Diagnostic Prevalence of Ankylosing Spondylitis Using Computerized Health Care Data, 1996 to 2009: Underrecognition in a US Health Care Setting
Few studies have assessed the prevalence and features of axial spondyloarthritis (axSpA) and ankylosing spondylitis in diverse, population-based, community settings.…
Population Variations in Rheumatoid Arthritis Treatment and Outcomes, Northern California, 1998-2009
To assess variations in rheumatoid arthritis treatment and outcomes at the community level from 1998 through 2009. The study used…
Non-viral opportunistic infections in new users of tumour necrosis factor inhibitor therapy: results of the SAfety Assessment of Biologic ThERapy (SABER) Study
To determine among patients with autoimmune diseases in the USA whether the risk of non-viral opportunistic infections (OI) was increased…
Adverse socioeconomic position during the life course is associated with multiple sclerosis
Adverse socioeconomic position (SEP) in childhood and adulthood is associated with a proinflammatory phenotype, and therefore an important exposure to…
Smoking and Risk of Multiple Sclerosis: Evidence of Modification by NAT1 Variants
Tobacco smoke is an established risk factor for multiple sclerosis (MS). We hypothesized that variation in genes involved in metabolism…
Interaction between adolescent obesity and HLA risk genes in the etiology of multiple sclerosis
We investigated potential interactions between human leukocyte antigen (HLA) genotype and body mass index (BMI) status in relation to the…
Fine-Mapping the Genetic Association of the Major Histocompatibility Complex in Multiple Sclerosis: HLA and Non-HLA Effects
The major histocompatibility complex (MHC) region is strongly associated with multiple sclerosis (MS) susceptibility. HLA-DRB1*15:01 has the strongest effect, and…
Analysis of immune-related loci identifies 48 new susceptibility variants for multiple sclerosis
Using the ImmunoChip custom genotyping array, we analyzed 14,498 subjects with multiple sclerosis and 24,091 healthy controls for 161,311 autosomal…
Validity of diagnostic codes and prevalence of psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis in a managed care population, 1996-2009
Few population-based studies have reported the prevalence of psoriatic disease. We validated computerized diagnoses to estimate the prevalence of psoriasis…
Initiation of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha (TNFalpha) antagonists and risk of fractures in patients with selected rheumatic and autoimmune diseases
OBJECTIVE: We tested the hypothesis that initiation of tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) antagonists reduced the risk of fractures compared…
Incidence and Prevalence of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Among Children in a Managed Care Population, 1996-2009
Few studies based in well-defined North American populations have examined the occurrence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and none has…
Drug safety data mining with a tree-based scan statistic
PURPOSE: In post-marketing drug safety surveillance, data mining can potentially detect rare but serious adverse events. Assessing an entire collection…
Tumor necrosis factor alpha inhibitor therapy and cancer risk in chronic immune mediated diseases
OBJECTIVE: To compare the incidence of cancer following tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNFalpha) inhibitor therapy to that with commonly used…
Association between anti-TNF-alpha therapy and all-cause mortality
PURPOSE: To compare mortality among patients with selected autoimmune diseases treated with anti-tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) agents with similar…
The association of psoriasis with autoimmune diseases
BACKGROUND: Previous studies provide evidence that there is a greater frequency of autoimmune diseases among patients with psoriasis than in…
Direct medical expenditure associated with rheumatoid arthritis in a nationally representative sample from the medical expenditure panel survey
OBJECTIVE: To quantify the incremental direct medical expenditure associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) in the US population from a payer's…
Initiation of Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Antagonists and the Risk of Hospitalization for Infection in Patients With Autoimmune Diseases
CONTEXT: Although tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-alpha antagonists are increasingly used in place of nonbiologic comparator medications, their safety profile remains…
Changes in cotherapies after initiation of disease-modifying antirheumatic drug therapy in patients with rheumatoid arthritis
Objective. We hypothesized that initiation of a new disease-modifying antirheumatic drug (DMARD) for treatment of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) would decrease…
Genetic risk and a primary role for cell-mediated immune mechanisms in multiple sclerosis
Multiple sclerosis is a common disease of the central nervous system in which the interplay between inflammatory and neurodegenerative processes…
Vitamin D, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and postpartum multiple sclerosis relapses
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) contribute to the increased risk of postpartum multiple sclerosis (MS)…
The reliability of diagnostic coding and laboratory data to identify tuberculosis and nontuberculous mycobacterial disease among rheumatoid arthritis patients using anti-tumor necrosis factor therapy
PURPOSE: Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (anti-TNF) therapies are associated with severe mycobacterial infections in rheumatoid arthritis patients. We developed and validated…
Autoimmune diseases prior to the diagnosis of multiple sclerosis: a population-based case-control study
The objective of this study was to determine whether patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) are more likely to have other…
Interferon-gamma-producing T cells, pregnancy, and postpartum relapses of multiple sclerosis
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether fluctuations in functional T-cell subsets can explain why multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses decline during pregnancy and…
Exclusive breastfeeding and the risk of postpartum relapses in women with multiple sclerosis
OBJECTIVE: To determine if exclusive breastfeeding protects against postpartum relapses of multiple sclerosis (MS) and, if so, whether this protection…
Generalized megaviscera of lupus: refractory intestinal pseudo-obstruction, ureterohydronephrosis and megacholedochus.
Dilated dysfunction involving multiple visceral organs has been reported in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Chronic intestinal pseudo-obstruction (CIPO)…
Screening differences and risk of cervical cancer in inflammatory bowel disease
BACKGROUND: Cervical cancer risk is high among immune suppressed women. AIM: To evaluate inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) with medications and…
Clustering of inflammatory bowel disease with immune mediated diseases among members of a northern california-managed care organization
BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Previous studies provide evidence that some immune-mediated diseases occur at greater frequency among inflammatory bowel disease (IBD)…
Estimation of the period prevalence of inflammatory bowel disease among nine health plans using computerized diagnoses and outpatient pharmacy dispensings
BACKGROUND: There are few contemporary estimates of prevalence rates for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) in diverse North American communities. METHODS:…
