This multisite prospective cohort study will characterize changes in patient-centered outcomes including function, cognition, and quality of life among older adults with advanced non-small cell lung cancer receiving chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and/or targeted therapy.
This study will include 1500 patients with advanced lung, pancreatic, or colorectal cancer at high risk of cachexia for detailed measurement via biospecimen collection, remote monitoring, questionnaire, and medical record review. The aims are to: identify distinct cachexia subtypes with…
For lung cancer screening to confer mortality benefit, adherence to annual screening with low-dose computed tomography scans is essential. Although the National Lung Screening Trial had an adherence rate of 95%, current data are limited on screening adherence across diverse…
Background: There are well-documented disparities in lung cancer outcomes across populations. Lung cancer screening (LCS) has the potential to reduce lung cancer mortality, but for this benefit to be realized by all high-risk groups, there must be careful attention to…
This study proposes to understand patterns and multilevel determinants of racial/ethnic disparities in Lung Cancer Screening utilization from 2017 onward at KPNC.
A Kaiser Permanente interregional cancer statistics report will be developed to include incidence and 5-year relative survival rates for breast, colorectal, and lung cancer. The development of new mortality measures will be explored, along with improved routine capture and reporting…
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in both men and women in the United States. COPD is associated with lung cancer independently of cigarette smoking, but remains understudied in women. Utilizing data from the Women's Health Initiative…
High alcohol consumption is a risk factor for morbidity and mortality, yet few genetic loci have been robustly associated with alcohol intake. Here, we use U.K. Biobank (n = 125,249) and GERA (n = 47,967) datasets to determine genetic factors…
This pilot study examined the ability to operationalize the collection of real-world data to explore the potential use of real-world end points extracted from data from diverse health care data organizations and to assess how these relate to similar end…
Despite adoption of molecular biomarkers in the management of NSCLC, the recently adopted eighth edition of the TNM staging system utilized only clinicopathologic characteristics and validated improvement in risk stratification of early-stage disease has remained elusive. We therefore evaluated the…
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in people living with HIV (PWH). Surgical resection is a key component of potentially curative treatment regimens for early-stage lung cancers, but its safety is unclear in the setting of HIV.…
Best practices to facilitate high-quality shared decision-making for lung cancer screening (LCS) are not well established. In our LCS program, patients are first referred to attend a free group education class on LCS, taught by designated clinician specialists, before a…
To examine the role of uniform access to care in reducing racial/ethnic disparities in receipt of resection for early stage non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) by comparing integrated health system member patients to demographically similar non-member patients. Using data from…
Lung cancer is the leading cause of non-AIDS-defining cancer deaths among HIV-infected individuals. Although lung cancer screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) is endorsed by multiple national organizations, whether HIV-infected individuals would have similar benefit as uninfected individuals from lung…
With the recent implementation of lung cancer screening in community-based practice, little is currently known about utilization patterns and outcomes in patients following the initial low-dose computed tomography (CT) screening exam. The primary goals of this study are to 1)…
Background: The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Life and Longevity After Cancer (LILAC) study offers an important opportunity to advance cancer research by extending the original WHI studies to examine survivorship in women diagnosed with cancer during their participation in WHI.Methods:…
Purpose: DNA topoisomerase inhibitors are commonly used for treating small-cell lung cancer (SCLC). Tyrosyl-DNA phosphodiesterase (TDP1) repairs DNA damage caused by this class of drugs and may therefore influence treatment outcome. In this study, we investigated whether common TDP1 single-nucleotide…
Risk prediction models may be useful for facilitating effective and high-quality decision-making at critical steps in the lung cancer screening process. This review provides a current overview of published lung cancer risk prediction models and their applications to lung cancer…
Cancer is the second leading cause of death among American Indians and Alaskan Natives (AIAN), although cancer survival information in this population is limited, particularly among urban AIAN. In this retrospective cohort study, we compared all-cause and prostate, breast, lung,…
Lung cancer screening registries can monitor screening outcomes and improve quality of care. To describe nascent lung cancer screening programs and share efficient data collection approaches for mandatory registry reporting in four integrated health care systems of the National Cancer…
Lung cancer is now a leading cause of death in HIV infected persons. Lung cancer survival is worse in HIV infected persons, in part due to uncertainty regarding the optimal treatment pathways for this group. In this project we will…
Preclinical studies suggest that angiotensin system inhibitors (ASI) and bevacizumab improve tumor perfusion and chemotherapy efficacy. We performed a retrospective study to examine whether concomitant ASI use during carboplatin and paclitaxel (CP) without or with bevacizumab (CPB) was associated with…
Screening with low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) presents an opportunity to improve early detection and reduce mortality from lung cancer. However, the potential harms of LDCT screening, including frequent false-positive findings that lead to unnecessary procedures and repeated radiation exposure, have…
Although COPD strongly predisposes to lung cancer, and both share tobacco smoke exposure as an etiologic risk factor, few studies have examined whether genetic constitution can also explain the overlap between these diseases. Among ever smokers in the Genetic Epidemiology…
In 2013, the USPSTF issued a Grade B recommendation that long-term current and former smokers receive lung cancer screening. Shared decision-making is important for individuals considering screening, and patient-provider discussions an essential component of the process. We examined prevalence and…
Little is known regarding toxicities and hospitalizations in community-based settings for patients with advanced non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who received commonly prescribed carboplatin-paclitaxel (CP) or carboplatin-paclitaxel-bevacizumab (CPB) chemotherapy. Patients with stages IIIB-IV NSCLC age ? 21 years diagnosed between 2005…
Methodologic biases may explain why observational studies examining metformin use in relation to lung cancer risk have produced inconsistent results. We conducted a cohort study to further investigate this relationship, accounting for potential biases. For 47,351 patients with diabetes ages…
Bevacizumab plus carboplatin-paclitaxel (BCP) chemotherapy has Food and Drug Administration approval for advanced nonsquamous, non-small-cell lung cancer based upon improved survival in a clinical trial. However, subgroup analyses of this and other studies have suggested variable results by age and…
OBJECTIVES: We examined the relationship between genetic ancestry, socioeconomic status (SES), and lung cancer among African Americans and Latinos. METHODS: We evaluated SES and genetic ancestry in a Northern California lung cancer case-control study (1998-2003) of African Americans and Latinos.…
Many carcinogens in tobacco smoke cause DNA damage, and some of that damage can be mitigated by the actions of DNA repair enzymes. In a case-control study nested within the Beta-Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial, a randomized chemoprevention trial in…
To study risk factors for cell types of lung cancer. Cohort study of 126,293 persons with 1852 subjects with incident cancer. We performed Cox proportional hazards models (8 covariates) to estimate risk of the 4 most numerous specific cell types:…
BACKGROUND: Relatively low rates of chemotherapy receipt have been observed in older patients diagnosed with advanced non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) in SEER-Medicare-based studies. However, little is known about variation in first-line NSCLC chemotherapy use in younger patients, health maintenance…
INTRODUCTION:: Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), formerly bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, is an uncommon subtype of lung adenocarcinoma and accounts for approximately 3% to 4% of lung cancers. Compared with other lung cancer histologies, AIS patients are less likely to be smokers, yet…
BACKGROUND: The frequent recurrence of early-stage non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is generally attributable to metastatic disease undetected at complete resection. Management of such patients depends on prognostic staging to identify the individuals most likely to have occult disease. We aimed…
OBJECTIVES: Considerable controversy surrounds the carcinogenic potential of asphalt and tar. Since minority individuals may have had relatively high historical exposures, we investigated asphalt and tar exposure and lung cancer risk among African Americans and Latino Americans. METHODS: We conducted…
Complementary and alternative medicines are used by up to 48% of lung cancer patients but have seen little formal assessment of survival efficacy. In this 10-year retrospective survival study, the authors investigated Pan-Asian medicine + vitamins (PAM+V) therapy in a…
Several genome-wide association studies identified the chr15q25.1 region, which includes three nicotinic cholinergic receptor genes (CHRNA5-B4) and the cell proliferation gene (PSMA4), for its association with lung cancer risk in Caucasians. A haplotype and its tagging single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)…
OBJECTIVE: There are limited data on the risk of pulmonary disease in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study was to evaluate and compare the incidence of asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), pulmonary fibrosis, pneumonia, and lung cancer…
Prior studies of lung cancer and CYP1A1/2 in African-American and Latino populations have shown inconsistent results and have not yet investigated the haplotype block structure of CYP1A1/2 or addressed potential population stratification. To investigate haplotypes in the CYP1A1/2 region and…
Base excision repair (BER) is the primary DNA damage repair mechanism for repairing small base lesions resulting from oxidation and alkylation damage. This study examines the association between 24 single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) belonging to five BER genes (XRCC1, APEX1, PARP1,…
Few studies on the association between nucleotide excision repair (NER) variants and lung cancer risk have included Latinos and African Americans. We examine variants in 6 NER genes (ERCC2, ERCC4, ERCC5, LIG1, RAD23B and XPC) in association with primary lung…
A variety of methods are available for estimating genetic admixture proportions in populations; however, few investigators have conducted detailed comparisons using empirical data. The authors characterized admixture proportions among self-identified African Americans (n = 535) and Latinos (n = 412)…
We investigated the effect of alcoholic beverage consumption on the risk of lung cancer using the California Men's Health Study. METHODS: The California Men's Health Study is a multiethnic cohort of 84,170 men ages 45 to 69 years who are…
Lung cancer rates are highest in countries with the greatest fat intakes. In several case-control studies, positive associations have been observed between lung cancer and intakes of total and saturated fat, particularly among nonsmokers. We analyzed the association between fat…
BACKGROUND: Barbiturates, particularly phenobarbital, have been shown to be a tumour promoter in animal experiments and were found to be associated with increased risk of lung cancer in our cohort follow-up study to screen pharmaceuticals for possible carcinogenic effects. Sixteen…
Retinol and retinol-binding protein levels were measured in sera previously obtained, and stored in the frozen state, at multiphasic health checkups from 151 persons subsequently found to have lung cancer (cases) and 302 persons who remained free of cancer (controls).…
In a hypothesis-generating study looking for possible carcinogenic effects of drugs in humans, each of three barbiturates (pentobarbital sodium, phenobarbital, and secobarbital sodium) showed a statistically significant association with the subsequent development of lung cancer, with relative risks ranging from…
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