Sterling, Stacy
Research interests include addiction treatment and mental health services, adolescent behavioral health, and implementation science.
Zhu, Yeyi
Interests include developmental origins of childhood obesity and fetal growth
Kushi, Lawrence H.
Research interests include nutritional epidemiology.
Kuzniewicz, Michael W
Research interests include perinatal health services research and perinatal clinical epidemiology
Lieu, Tracy A.
Research interest include child health services research; effectiveness and delivery of primary care; and decision sciences, including decision analysis
Croen, Lisa A.
Research interests include the epidemiology of autism and other neurodevelopmental disorders.
Association of the COVID-19 Pandemic With Routine Childhood Vaccination Rates and Proportion Up to Date With Vaccinations Across 8 US Health Systems in the Vaccine Safety Datalink
The COVID-19 pandemic has affected routine vaccine delivery in the US and globally. The magnitude of these disruptions and their…
Gastrointestinal Symptoms in 2- to 5-Year-Old Children in the Study to Explore Early Development
Gastrointestinal symptoms (GIS) are commonly reported in children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). This multi-site study evaluated the prevalence of…
Long-term Outcomes Associated with Extended-Interval Dosing of the 9vHPV Vaccine: a Prospective, Observational Cohort Study Supplementary to V503-069 Clinical Trial
This prospective, observational cohort study, an extension of clinical trial V503-069, will enroll and administer a second dose of 9vHPV…
A Phase 1, Open-Label Dose-Finding Study to Evaluate Safety, Tolerability, and Immunogenicity Study of a Sars-Cov-2 RNA Vaccine Candidate Against Covid-19 in Healthy Children 12 Years of Age
This phase I open-label dose-finding study will evaluate the safety, tolerability, and immunogenicity of a Sars-Cov-2 RNA vaccine candidate against…
Leukemia Risk in a Cohort of 3.9 Million Children With and Without Down Syndrome
To assess leukemia risks among children with Down syndrome in a large, contemporary cohort. Retrospective cohort study including 3 905…
Separating Algorithms from Questions and Causal Inference with Unmeasured Exposures: An Application to Birth Cohort Studies of Early BMI Rebound
Observational studies reporting on adjusted associations between childhood body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2) rebound and subsequent cardiometabolic outcomes…
Distributional Properties and Criterion Validity of a Shortened Version of the Social Responsiveness Scale: Results from the ECHO Program and Implications for Social Communication Research
Prior work proposed a shortened version of the Social Responsiveness Scale (SRS), a commonly used quantitative measure of social communication…
Multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children and adults (MIS-C/A): Case definition & guidelines for data collection, analysis, and presentation of immunization safety data
This is a Brighton Collaboration Case Definition of the term "Multisystem Inflammatory Syndrome in Children and Adults (MIS-C/A)" to be…
Maternal Health in Pregnancy and Autism Risk – Genetic and Non-genetic Mechanisms
This study will systematically identify maternal diagnoses in pregnancy associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in offspring; test if the…
Autism Specific Patterns of DNA Methylation from Birth to Age 5
This study will examine potential differences in DNA methylation (DNAm) in early life, from birth through age 5, between children…
Autism Intervention Research Network on Physical Health
Establish an interdisciplinary Autism Intervention Research Network on Physical Health node that will lead, promote, and coordinate national research activities…
Evaluation of sex differences in preschool children with and without autism spectrum disorder enrolled in the study to explore early development
Research in school-aged children, adolescents, and adults with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has found sex-based differences in behavioral, developmental, and…
Household mold, pesticide use, and childhood asthma: A nationwide study in the U.S
To investigate the associations of household mold and pesticide use with risk of childhood asthma and examine the potential effect…
Concomitant administration of a liquid formulation of human rotavirus vaccine (porcine circovirus-free) with routine childhood vaccines in infants in the United States: Results from a phase 3, randomized trial
In response to the detection of porcine circovirus type 1 (PCV-1) in the human rotavirus vaccine (HRV), a PCV-free HRV…
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Early and Continued Breastfeeding: Findings from an Integrated Health Care Delivery System
Purpose: To examine whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with breastfeeding behaviors. Methods: Women in three Kaiser Permanente Northern…
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Pregnancy Intentions among Pregnant Women Seeking Prenatal Care
This study examined whether adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) are associated with increased risk of having an unwanted or mistimed pregnancy.…
Prenatal Exposure to Mixtures of Phthalates, Parabens, and Other Phenols and Obesity in Five-Year-Olds in the CHAMACOS Cohort
Exposures to phthalates, parabens, and other phenols are often correlated due to their ubiquitous use in personal care products and…
Are adverse childhood experiences associated with late-life cognitive performance across racial/ethnic groups: results from the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences study baseline
Evidence on adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and late-life cognitive outcomes is inconsistent, with little research among diverse racial/ethnic groups. We…
A Phase 3, Randomized, Double-Blind Trial to Evaluate the Safety and Immunogenicity of a 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine in Healthy Infants
This study is part of the Phase 3 pediatric clinical development program to evaluate the 20-Valent Pneumococcal Conjugate Vaccine for…
Long-term medical imaging use in children with central nervous system tumors
Children with central nervous system (CNS) tumors undergo frequent imaging for diagnosis and follow-up, but few studies have characterized longitudinal…
Natural history of achondroplasia: A retrospective review of longitudinal clinical data
There are limited data on the longitudinal frequency and severity of the symptoms and complications of achondroplasia. We undertook a…
Comparing the Effects of Prenatal Depression and its Treatment on Developmental Outcomes of the Offspring
This study will test the hypothesis that the underlying prenatal depression and use of SSRIs are independent risk factors for…
Acute Kidney Injury and Risk of CKD and Hypertension after Pediatric Cardiac Surgery
The association of AKI after pediatric cardiac surgery with long-term CKD and hypertension development is unclear. The study objectives were…
History of Early Childhood Infections and Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia Risk Among Children in a U.S. Integrated Health Care System
Surrogate measures of infectious exposures have been consistently associated with lower childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) risk. However, recent reports…
Diagnostic Performance of Emergency Physician Gestalt for Predicting Acute Appendicitis in Patients Age 5 to 20 Years
Pediatric appendicitis remains a challenging diagnosis in the emergency department (ED). Available risk prediction algorithms may contribute to excessive ED…
Fetal and Early Postnatal Influences on Child Metabolic Health After Gestational Diabetes
This 5-year RO1 study will determine the independent contribution of fetal exposures and early postnatal lifestyle factors on subsequent development…
Neurodevelopmental outcomes in infants receiving opioid-replacement
Infants with Neonatal Opioid Withdrawal Syndrome (NOWS) are often treated with prolonged opioid-replacement pharmacotherapy. Whether opioid exposure in-utero or significant…
Association of Childhood Psychosocial Environment With 30-Year Cardiovascular Disease Incidence and Mortality in Middle Age
Background Childhood adversity and trauma have been shown to be associated with poorer cardiovascular disease (CVD) outcomes in adulthood. However,…
Immunogenicity and Safety of a Measles-Mumps-Rubella Vaccine Administered as a First Dose to Children Aged 12 to 15 Months: A Phase III, Randomized, Noninferiority, Lot-to-Lot Consistency Study
MMR II (M-M-R II [Merck & Co, Inc.]) is currently the only measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine licensed in…
Parental Risk Factors for Fever in their Children 7-10 Days After the First Dose of Measles-Containing Vaccines
We evaluated whether parental clinical conditions were associated with fever after a first dose of measles-containing vaccine (MCV) in the…
Maternal infection and antibiotic use in pregnancy and the risk of childhood obesity in offspring: a birth cohort study
The reported association between maternal antibiotic use and childhood obesity, if true, could change obstetric practice. However, it is unclear…
Food insecurity and the extremes of childhood weight: defining windows of vulnerability
Weight extremes and food insecurity (FIS) represent public-health challenges, yet their associations in childhood remain unclear. We aimed to investigate…
Neonatal Thyroid Stimulating Hormone and Subsequent Diagnosis of Autism Spectrum Disorders and Intellectual Disability
Hypothyroid conditions in early life, if left untreated, are associated with adverse neurodevelopmental outcomes, including intellectual disability (ID). However, evidence…
Understanding childhood obesity in the US: the NIH environmental influences on child health outcomes (ECHO) program
Few resources exist for prospective, longitudinal analysis of the relationships between early life environment and later obesity in large diverse…
Pediatric obstructive sleep apnea: predictive modeling to streamline care
To prioritize pediatric attended polysomnography and treatment for children most in need while reducing the unnecessary use of overnight sleep…
Homeschooling parents in California: Attitudes, beliefs and behaviors associated with child’s vaccination status
Senate Bill 277 (SB277) banned nonmedical exemptions from school-entry vaccination requirements for children attending classroom-based schools in California, but excluded…
Management of Cannabis Use in Breastfeeding Women: The Untapped Potential of Certified Lactation Consultants
Recent increases in maternal cannabis use, in combination with rapidly changing cannabis policies in the United States, pose a unique…
ECHO Coordinating Center: Opportunities and Infrastructure Fund Component
The overall goal of this project is to demonstrate that the newly FDA-approved Airwave Oscillometry System (tremoFlo c-100, Thorasys) can…
Family Environment, Neurodevelopmental Risk, and the Environmental Influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) Initiative: Looking Back and Moving Forward
The family environment, with all its complexity and diverse components, plays a critical role in shaping neurodevelopmental outcomes in children.…
Identifying and Prioritizing Chemicals with Uncertain Burden of Exposure: Opportunities for Biomonitoring and Health-Related Research
The National Institutes of Health's Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) initiative aims to understand the impact of environmental…
A Scalable Database of Organ Doses for Common Diagnostic Fluoroscopy Procedures of Children: Procedures of Historical Practice for Use in Radiation Epidemiology Studies
Assessment of health effects from low-dose radiation exposures in patients undergoing diagnostic imaging is an active area of research. High-quality…
Prenatal Depression and Antidepressant Exposure: Effects on Child Speech and Language Disorders
The aims of this study are to 1) Assess the relationship between untreated prenatal depression and the risk of speech…
Proton Pump Inhibitors, H2 Blocker Use, and Risk of Inflammatory Bowel Disease in Children
Evidence suggests use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) and H2 blockers may provoke disease flares in individuals with established inflammatory…
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Relation to Family Characteristics, Stressors and Chemical Co-Exposures in California Girls
Childhood environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes and may disproportionately burden lower socioeconomic…
Community-based service use in preschool children with autism spectrum disorder and associations with insurance status
ASD-related services can improve outcomes for children, but less is known about service outside of school settings during preschool age.…
Validation of the Pediatric Appendicitis Risk Calculator (pARC) in a Community Emergency Department Setting
The pediatric Appendicitis Risk Calculator (pARC) is a validated clinical tool for assessing a child's probability of appendicitis. Our objective…
Sex and Race/Ethnicity-specific Multilevel Factors Influencing Pubertal Trajectories: A Population-based Study
The goal of this project is to describe the normative distributions of pubertal development among boys and girls by race/ethnicity…
Perfluorooctanoate and changes in anthropometric parameters with age in young girls in the Greater Cincinnati and San Francisco Bay Area
We conducted a study of per- and polyfluoroalkyl substance biomarkers, including PFOA, in girls from Greater Cincinnati (CIN, N = 353) and…
Antibody persistence and booster response following MenACWY-CRM vaccination in children as assessed by two different assay methods
The quadrivalent meningococcal conjugate vaccine MenACWY-CRM has been shown to be immunogenic and well-tolerated in infants and toddlers. We evaluated…
Associations of Statewide Legislative and Administrative Interventions With Vaccination Status Among Kindergartners in California
California implemented 3 interventions to increase uptake of vaccines. In 2014, Assembly bill 2109 tightened requirements for obtaining a personal…
Incidence of Herpes Zoster Among Children: 2003-2014
After the 1996 introduction of routine varicella vaccination in the United States, most studies evaluating pediatric herpes zoster (HZ) incidence…
Acellular Pertussis Vaccine Effectiveness Over Time
To determine pertussis risk by diphtheria-tetanus-acellular pertussis (DTaP) vaccination status and time since last DTaP dose. Children born at Kaiser…
Association of breastfeeding and gestational diabetes mellitus with the prevalence of prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome in offspring of Hispanic mothers
The effects of breastfeeding (BF) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes mellitus in children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)…
miRNA contributions to pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis inferred from GWAS
Onset of multiple sclerosis (MS) occurs in childhood for approximately 5% of cases (pediatric MS, or ped-MS). Epigenetic influences are…
Elimination of Nonmedical Immunization Exemptions in California and School-Entry Vaccine Status
California implemented Senate Bill 277 (SB277) in 2016, becoming the first state in nearly 30 years to eliminate nonmedical exemptions…
Maternal diabetes and hypertensive disorders in association with autism spectrum disorder
Previous studies have shown complications of pregnancy, often examined in aggregate, to be associated with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Results…
Newborn vitamin D levels in relation to autism spectrum disorders and intellectual disability: A case-control study in california
Vitamin D deficiency has been increasing concurrently with prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD), and emerging evidence suggests vitamin D…
Association of Infant Temperament With Subsequent Obesity in Young Children of Mothers With Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Infant temperament is associated with excess weight gain or childhood obesity risk in samples of healthy individuals, although the evidence…
Prenatal exposure to endocrine disrupting chemicals in relation to autism spectrum disorder and intellectual disability
Exposure to endocrine disruptors is unavoidable. Many such compounds are suspected to impact neurologic development of children, but most studies…
Iodinated Contrast Agents and Risk of Hypothyroidism in Young Children in the United States
Although it is generally acknowledged that exposure to iodine contrast agents can interfere with thyroid function, little is known about…
Adverse Childhood Experiences and Mental and Behavioral Health Conditions During Pregnancy: The Role of Resilience
Little is known about how exposure to adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and protective factors, such as resilience, influence prenatal mental…
Use of three summary measures of pediatric vaccination for studying the safety of the childhood immunization schedule
Summary measures such as number of vaccine antigens, number of vaccines, and vaccine aluminum exposure by the 2nd birth day…
Long-term follow-up of pediatric open and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair
Pediatric laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is not widely accepted. Children 0-14 years who underwent inguinal hernia repair during 2010-2016 at Kaiser…
Timing of household food insecurity exposures and asthma in a cohort of US school-aged children
Food insecurity is positively associated with asthma, the most common chronic childhood disease, yet directionality is unclear. The objective was…
Exploring California’s new law eliminating personal belief exemptions to childhood vaccines and vaccine decision-making among homeschooling mothers in California
California's Senate Bill 277 (SB-277) law eliminated the personal belief exemption to school immunization requirements. A potential consequence may be…
A Pragmatic Trial of Parent-Focused Prevention in Pediatric Primary Care: Implementation and Adolescent Health Outcomes in Three Health Systems
This study involves a partnership between Kaiser Permanente Northern California, Kaiser Permanente Colorado, Henry Ford Health System, and the University…
Similar relative risks of seizures following measles containing vaccination in children born preterm compared to full-term without previous seizures or seizure-related disorders
Febrile seizures are associated with the first dose of measles-containing vaccines and the risk increases with chronologic age during the…
A meta-analysis of two high-risk prospective cohort studies reveals autism-specific transcriptional changes to chromatin, autoimmune, and environmental response genes in umbilical cord blood
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder that affects more than 1% of children in the USA. ASD risk…
Diagnostic thresholds for pregnancy hyperglycemia, maternal weight status and the risk of childhood obesity in a diverse Northern California cohort using health care delivery system data
To estimate the risk of childhood obesity associated with the various criteria proposed for diagnosis of gestational diabetes (GDM), and…
Lead exposure during childhood and subsequent anthropometry through adolescence in girls
Cross-sectional studies suggest that postnatal blood lead (PbB) concentrations are negatively associated with child growth. Few studies prospectively examined this…
Infections in children with autism spectrum disorder: Study to Explore Early Development (SEED)
Immune system abnormalities have been widely reported among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD), which may increase the risk of…
Weight estimation among multi-racial/ethnic infants and children aged 0-5·9 years in the USA: simple tools for a critical measure
In resource-constrained facilities or during resuscitation, immediate paediatric weight estimation remains a fundamental challenge. We aimed to develop and validate…
Immunogenicity and safety of the Haemophilus influenzae type b and Neisseria meningitidis serogroups C and Y-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine co-administered with human rotavirus, hepatitis A and 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccines: results from a phase III, randomized, multicenter study in infants
This phase III, open-label, randomized study (NCT01978093) evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of co-administered Haemophilus influenzae type b-Neisseria meningitidis serogroups…
Bisphenol A and pubertal height growth in school-aged children
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental endocrine disruptor and is found in many consumer products. Studies suggest that BPA may…
Brief Report: Maternal Opioid Prescription from Preconception Through Pregnancy and the Odds of Autism Spectrum Disorder and Autism Features in Children
Opioid use during pregnancy is associated with suboptimal pregnancy outcomes. Little is known about child neurodevelopmental outcomes. We examined associations…
Birth in High Infant Mortality States and Dementia Risk in a Cohort of Elderly African American and White Health Care Members
Birth in areas with high infant mortality rates (IMRs) has been linked to worse long-term health outcomes, yet it is…
Brief Report: Low Rates of Herpesvirus Detection in Blood of Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Controls
Previous research indicates that infection, especially from viruses in the family Herpesviridae, may play a role in the etiology of…
Comment on “The impact of past vaccination coverage and immunity on pertussis resurgence”
Limitations in the data used for a recent modeling study of pertussis resurgence in the US may explain why the…
Genetic risk factors for pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis
Strong evidence supports the role of both genetic and environmental factors in pediatric-onset multiple sclerosis (POMS) etiology. We comprehensively investigated…
Maternal Inflammation during Pregnancy and Neurodevelopmental Disorders
This study will utilize the Pregnancy Cohort from the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Research Program on Genes, Environment and Health…
Optimizing Social Communication Measurement with the Social Responsiveness Scale
This project aims to: 1) compare the psychometric characteristics (including distributional properties, agreement with gold-standard diagnostic measures, and sensitivity and…
Hyperbilirubinemia, Phototherapy, and Childhood Asthma
Our aim was to quantify the associations of both hyperbilirubinemia and phototherapy with childhood asthma using a population-based cohort with…
Childhood Seizures After Phototherapy
: media-1vid110.1542/5804915133001PEDS-VA_2018-0648Video Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In a recent Danish study, researchers found an increased risk of childhood epilepsy after…
The Seveso accident: A look at 40 years of health research and beyond.
A 1976 chemical factory explosion near Seveso, Italy exposed residents to high levels of 2,3,7,8-tetracholorodibenzo-p-dioxin (TCDD or dioxin). Dioxin is…
Assessing Potential Confounding and Misclassification Bias When Studying the Safety of the Childhood Immunization Schedule
Some parents are concerned the childhood immunization schedule could increase risk for allergic disorders, including asthma. To inform future safety…
Placental gross shape differences in a high autism risk cohort and the general population
A growing body of evidence suggests that prenatal environment is important in Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) etiology. In this study,…
A Phase IIIB Study to Assess the Safety and Immunogenicity of GSK Meningococcal Group B Vaccine and 13-valent Pneumococcal Vaccine when Administered Concomitantly with Routine Vaccines to Healthy Infants
This is a phase IIIB, observer-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled, multi-center study to assess the safety and immunogenicity of GSK Meningococcal Group…
A Continuation of Assessment of the Impact of Prevnar 13 on Invasive Pneumococcal Disease Caused by Vaccine Serotypes of Streptococcus pneumoniae After Introduction Into Routine Pediatric and Adult Use for the Period of May 2015 – April 2020
This project will estimate Prevnar 13 (PCV13) vaccine effectiveness against invasive pneumococcal disease using a test-negative design in the Kaiser…
Cohort Study in the Kaiser Population to Evaluate the Impact of Shoo the Flu
This project will evaluate the school-based influenza vaccine delivery program Shoo the Flu. The program, implemented by Alameda County, delivered…
Objective Sleep Characteristics and Cardiometabolic Health in Young Adolescents
: media-1vid110.1542/5778442247001PEDS-VA_2017-4085Video Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Shorter sleep duration is associated with childhood obesity. Few studies measure sleep quantity and…
Associations Between the 2nd to 4th Digit Ratio and Autism Spectrum Disorder in Population-Based Samples of Boys and Girls: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development
The ratio of the index (2nd) finger to ring (4th) finger lengths (2D:4D) is a proxy for fetal testosterone and…
Mental Health of Transgender and Gender Nonconforming Youth Compared With Their Peers
Understanding the magnitude of mental health problems, particularly life-threatening ones, experienced by transgender and/or gender nonconforming (TGNC) youth can lead…
Vaccination Patterns in Children After Autism Spectrum Disorder Diagnosis and in Their Younger Siblings
In recent years, rates of vaccination have been declining. Whether this phenomenon disproportionately affects children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD)…
Live Attenuated Influenza Vaccination Prior To Age 3 Years and Subsequent Development of Asthma: A 14-Year Follow-Up Study
Live-attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs) are not licensed in children younger than 2 years of age because of a wheezing safety…
Immunogenicity and safety of the quadrivalent meningococcal ACWY-tetanus toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-TT) in splenectomized or hyposplenic children and adolescents: Results of a phase III, open, non-randomized study
Individuals with functional or anatomic asplenia are at high risk for meningococcal disease. We evaluated the immunogenicity and safety of…
Post-licensure safety surveillance study of routine use of quadrivalent meningococcal diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-D) in infants and children
Menactra® vaccine (MenACWY-D) was licensed in the United States in 2005 for persons 11-55 years of age, in 2007 for children…
Racial disparities in family-provider interactions for pediatric asthma care
Black and Latino children experience significantly worse asthma morbidity than their white peers for multifactorial reasons. This study investigated differences…
Extremely Premature Births Cohort Study
The goal of this study is to understand the incidence of extremely preterm birth and associated adverse health conditions and…
Evaluation of a Clinical Quality Improvement Pilot of Adverse Childhood Experiences Screening and Brief Intervention in Pediatric Primary Care
This study will evaluate a quality improvement pilot project being conducted at pediatrics departments in the greater Kaiser Permanente Southern…
Association Between Estimated Cumulative Vaccine Antigen Exposure Through the First 23 Months of Life and Non-Vaccine-Targeted Infections From 24 Through 47 Months of Age
Some parents are concerned that multiple vaccines in early childhood could weaken their child's immune system. Biological data suggest that…
Methods for addressing “innocent bystanders” when evaluating safety of concomitant vaccines
The need to develop methods for studying the safety of childhood immunization schedules has been recognized by the Institute of…
Bias from outcome misclassification in immunization schedule safety research
The Institute of Medicine recommended conducting observational studies of childhood immunization schedule safety. Such studies could be biased by outcome…
Pregravid Biomarkers and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk, Fetal Growth and Progression to Diabetes
This study will examine pregravid biomarkers of metabolic risk (adiponectin, high molecular weight adiponectin, c-reactive protein, liver enzymes, fetuin-A and…
Iodinated Contrast Agents and Risk of Hypothyroidism in Young Children in the United States
This study will estimate the incidence of pulmonary hypothyroid in a pediatric population of children under age 4, based on…
Effectiveness of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunoprophylaxis on Bronchiolitis Hospitalizations among High-risk Infants
We sought to determine the real-world effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoprophylaxis in a population-based cohort to inform policy.…
Prenatal Maternal Serum Concentrations of Per- and Polyfluoroalkyl Substances in Association with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability
Emerging work has examined neurodevelopmental outcomes following prenatal exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFAS), but few studies have assessed…
Case-control meta-analysis of blood DNA methylation and autism spectrum disorder
Several reports have suggested a role for epigenetic mechanisms in ASD etiology. Epigenome-wide association studies (EWAS) in autism spectrum disorder…
The safety of live attenuated influenza vaccine in children and adolescents 2 through 17years of age: A Vaccine Safety Datalink study
To evaluate the safety of live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV) in children 2 through 17 years of age. The study was…
California Emerging Infections Program
The goal of this project is to determine the age-specific rates of laboratory-confirmed influenza-associated hospitalization among children, and to describe…
Autism Adaptive Community-Based Treatment to Improve Outcomes Using Navigators (ACTION) Network
One of the greatest challenges in autism treatment is how to bridge the health care science-to-service gap and address disparities…
Population-based study of ischemic stroke risk after trauma in children and young adults
To quantify the incidence, timing, and risk of ischemic stroke after trauma in a population-based young cohort. We electronically identified…
Patterns of childhood immunization and all-cause mortality
Evidence supports the safety of the recommended childhood immunization schedule as a whole. However, additional research is warranted as parents'…
A Phase 3, Randomized Study of a Two-Dose Bivalent Rlp2086 Regimen and a First-In-Human Study of the MenABCWY Vaccine
This study is a phase 3, randomized, active-controlled, observer-blinded study to assess the immunogenicity, safety, and tolerability of bivalent rLP2086…
Offspring risk of obesity in childhood, adolescence and adulthood in relation to gestational diabetes mellitus: a sex-specific association
Animal data suggest sexually dimorphic programming of obesity in response to altered intrauterine environment, but the longitudinal impact of gestational…
Maternal and Paternal Infertility Disorders and Treatments and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development
Previous studies of associations between ASD and conception using assisted reproductive technology (ART) are inconsistent and few studies have examined…
Prenatal Alcohol Exposure in Relation to Autism Spectrum Disorder: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED)
Prenatal alcohol exposure can affect neurodevelopment, but few studies have examined associations with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). We assessed the…
Prenatal Serum Concentrations of Brominated Flame Retardants and Autism Spectrum Disorder and Intellectual Disability in the Early Markers of Autism Study: A Population-Based Case-Control Study in California
Prior studies suggest neurodevelopmental impacts of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), but few have examined diagnosed developmental disorders. Our aim was…
Demographic and Clinical Characteristics Associated with Engagement in Behavioral Health Treatment Among Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
This study investigates demographic and clinical factors associated with initiation, continuation, and adherence to behavioral health treatment (BHT) among children…
Maternal dietary intakes of refined grains during pregnancy and growth through the first 7 y of life among children born to women with gestational diabetes
Background: Refined grains, a major source of dietary carbohydrates, have been related to impaired glucose homeostasis and obesity. Emerging animal…
Medical Conditions in the First Years of Life Associated with Future Diagnosis of ASD in Children
This study examines medical conditions diagnosed prior to the diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Using a matched case control…
Maternal consumption of artificially sweetened beverages during pregnancy, and offspring growth through 7 years of age: a prospective cohort study
Artificial sweeteners are widely replacing caloric sweeteners. Data on long-term impact of artificially sweetened beverage (ASB) consumption during pregnancy on…
Predicting Hypertension Among Children With Incident Elevated Blood Pressure
To develop a model to predict hypertension risk among children with incident elevated blood pressure (BP); to test the external…
Development of Predictive Models for the Development of Adolescent Substance Use Problems
The objective of this study is to develop models to predict the development of substance use disorders (SUDs) among adolescents…
Respiratory Syncytial Virus Infection in Preterm Infants: Six Seasons; Experience in an Integrated Health Care Delivery System
We will study the impact of the change in the American Academy of Pediatrics's palivizumab recommendations in a large cohort…
Evaluation of SBIRT for Adolescents in School and Pediatric Health Settings
This study examines the effectiveness of a group intervention (“Teen MPower”) for adolescents with behavioral health problems at improving patient…
Health Outcomes and Healthcare Resource Utilization Associated with Mild versus Moderate-to-Severe Laboratory-Confirmed Influenza in a Retrospective Cohort of US Children
This study will evaluate differences in health outcomes and healthcare resource utilization between moderate-to-severe influenza compared to mild influenza as…
Iodinated contrast agents and risk of hypothyroidism in young children
The objective of this study is to estimate the rate of hypothyroidism in children under age 4 years who have…
Early Life Exposure to Endocrine Disrupting Chemicals and Child Growth, Adiposity, and Neurodevelopment
We hypothesize that in-utero exposures to commonly used endocrine disrupting chemicals, such as PFCs and PBDEs, individually and/or in combination,…
Design of study of fetal pharmaceutical use of the 1950s through 70s
This study will explore the feasibility of accessing information on the nature and extent of prenatal pharmaceutical usage in the…
Impact of Low IL-10 Levels at Birth and Leukemia Risk
The objectives of this retrospective cohort study of an established case-control study of childhood leukemia are to understand the relationships…
Risk of Pediatric and Adolescent Cancer Associated with Medical Imaging
The aims of this multiple PI grant are to: 1) Evaluate patterns of medical imaging (utilization and radiation dose) and…
The Genetic Basis of Pediatric Cholestasis
The goal of this project is to identify new genes underlying pediatric cholestasis.
BMI, Lifestyle Factors and Taxane-Induced Neuropathy in Breast Cancer Patients: The Pathways Study
Lifestyle factors may be associated with chemotherapy-induced peripheral neuropathy (CIPN). We examined associations between body mass index (BMI) and lifestyle…
Validation of a theoretically motivated approach to measuring childhood socioeconomic circumstances in the Health and Retirement Study
Childhood socioeconomic status (cSES) is a powerful predictor of adult health, but its operationalization and measurement varies across studies. Using…
Infection and antibiotic use in infancy and risk of childhood obesity: a longitudinal birth cohort study
Data from previous studies have suggested a possible association between antibiotic use in infancy and risk of childhood obesity, with…
The autism symptom interview, school-age: A brief telephone interview to identify autism spectrum disorders in 5-to-12-year-old children
This study reports on the initial validation of the Autism Symptom Interview (ASI), School-Age, a brief (15-20 min) phone interview…
The Kaiser Permanente Northern California research program on genes, environment, and health (RPGEH) pregnancy cohort: study design, methodology and baseline characteristics
Exposures during the prenatal period may have lasting effects on maternal and child health outcomes. To better understand the effects…
Risk of Autism Associated With Hyperbilirubinemia and Phototherapy
Whether neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and/or phototherapy increase the risk of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is unclear. We sought to quantify the…
Residential proximity to traffic and female pubertal development
Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has been linked with several adverse health outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight, which…
Demographic profile of families and children in the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED): Case-control study of autism spectrum disorder
The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED) is designed to enhance knowledge of autism spectrum disorder characteristics and etiologies. This…
Neonatal seizures triple the risk of a remote seizure after perinatal ischemic stroke
To determine incidence rates and risk factors of remote seizure after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke. We retrospectively identified a population-based…
Neonatal Phototherapy and Infantile Cancer
To determine whether neonatal phototherapy is associated with cancer in the first year after birth. We analyzed a data set…
Retrospective Cohort Study of Phototherapy and Childhood Cancer in Northern California
To investigate the association between neonatal phototherapy use and childhood cancer. This retrospective cohort study included 499?621 children born at…
Neighborhood deprivation, race/ethnicity, and urinary metal concentrations among young girls in California
Although metals can adversely impact children's health, the distribution of exposures to many metals, particularly among vulnerable subpopulations, is not…
Thyroid Antagonists (Perchlorate, Thiocyanate, and Nitrate) and Childhood Growth in a Longitudinal Study of U.S. Girls
Perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate are sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) inhibitors that block iodide uptake into the thyroid, thus affecting thyroid function.…
Building the new schoolhouse: the Massachusetts school building authority.
In a 2010 special issue of New Solutions on school health and environment, Paulson and Barnett asked who is responsible…
Change in Weight Status and Development of Hypertension
To examine the association of BMI percentile and change in BMI percentile to change in blood pressure (BP) percentile and…
Health Services Utilization Among Children With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders
Using data from multiple health systems (2009-2010) and the largest sample to date, this study compares health services use among…
Growth and obesity through the first 7 years of life in association with levels of maternal glycemia during pregnancy: a prospective cohort study
BACKGROUND: Given the long-term adverse sequelae of childhood obesity, identification of early life factors related to fetal growth and childhood…
Neighborhood-level social processes and substantiated cases of child maltreatment
Child maltreatment is a preventable public health problem. Research has demonstrated that neighborhood structural factors (e.g. poverty, crime) can influence…
Peripheral Blood Leukocyte Production of BDNF following Mitogen Stimulation in Early Onset and Regressive Autism
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is critical for neuronal differentiation and synaptic development. BDNF is also implicated in the development of…
Prenatal and Newborn Immunoglobulin Levels from Mother-Child Pairs and Risk of Autism Spectrum Disorders
An etiological role for immune factors operating during early brain development in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has not…
Obesity Severity, Dietary Behaviors, and Lifestyle Risks Vary by Race/Ethnicity and Age in a Northern California Cohort of Children with Obesity
Identification of modifiable behaviors is important for pediatric weight management and obesity prevention programs. This study examined obesogenic behaviors in…
Presence of an epigenetic signature of prenatal cigarette smoke exposure in childhood
Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke has lifelong health consequences. Epigenetic signatures such as differences in DNA methylation (DNAm) may be…
Maternal Infection During Pregnancy and Autism Spectrum Disorders
We conducted a nested case-control study including 407 cases and 2,075 frequency matched controls to investigate the association between maternal…
Is migraine a risk factor for pediatric stroke?
Our understanding of risk factors for childhood stroke is incomplete. In adults, migraine with aura is associated with a two-fold…
A Study of Physician Knowledge and Experience with Autism in Adults in a Large Integrated Healthcare System
We conducted an online survey of adult health care providers at Kaiser Permanente Northern California and semi-structured interviews with a…
External Validation of Early Weight Loss Nomograms for Exclusively Breastfed Newborns
Nomograms that show hour-by-hour percentiles of weight loss during the birth hospitalization were recently developed to aid clinical care of…
Incidence of Dravet Syndrome in a US Population
De novo mutations of the gene sodium channel 1? (SCN1A) are the major cause of Dravet syndrome, an infantile epileptic…
Environmental phenols and pubertal development in girls
Environmental exposures to many phenols are documented worldwide and exposures can be quite high (>1 ?M of urine metabolites). Phenols…
Does well-child care have a future in pediatrics?
The most common adult chronic diseases affect 1 in 3 adults and account for more than three-quarters of US health…
Comparing US paediatric and adult weight classification at the transition from late teenage to young adulthood
Although paediatric growth charts are recommended for weight assessment prior to age 20, many teenagers transition earlier to adult care…
Brominated Flame Retardants and Other Persistent Organohalogenated Compounds in Relation to Timing of Puberty in a Longitudinal Study of Girls
Exposure to hormonally active chemicals could plausibly affect pubertal timing, so we are investigating this in the Breast Cancer and…
Autism Spectrum Disorder Symptoms Among Children Enrolled in the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED)
This study examined the phenotypic profiles of children aged 30-68 months in the Study to Explore Early Development (SEED). Children classified…
Risk of Sensorineural Hearing Loss and Bilirubin Exchange Transfusion Thresholds
High bilirubin levels are associated with sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL). However, few large studies of relative and excess risk exist.…
Prevalence and Predictors of Complementary and Alternative Medicine Use in a Large Insured Sample of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders
The purpose of the present study was to examine the prevalence and predictors of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use…
Neonatal Neurocritical Care Service Is Associated With Decreased Administration of Seizure Medication
This cohort study examines medication use in term neonates with hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy and seizures before and after implementation of a…
Paternal sperm DNA methylation associated with early signs of autism risk in an autism-enriched cohort
Epigenetic mechanisms such as altered DNA methylation have been suggested to play a role in autism, beginning with the classical…
Immune mediated conditions in autism spectrum disorders
We conducted a case-control study among members of Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) born between 1980 and 2003 to determine…
Early weight loss nomograms for formula fed newborns
To develop nomograms depicting percentiles of weight loss by hour of age for both vaginal and cesarean-delivered newborns who are…
Drinking experience uncovers genetic influences on alcohol expectancies across adolescence
To test whether drinking onset moderates genetic and environmental contributions to individual differences in the etiology of alcohol expectancies across…
A Randomized Clinical Trial of Therapeutic Hypothermia Mode during Transport for Neonatal Encephalopathy
To determine if temperature regulation is improved during neonatal transport using a servo-regulated cooling device when compared with standard practice.…
Breastfeeding Versus Formula-Feeding and Girls’ Pubertal Development
To examine the association of breastfeeding or its duration with timing of girls' pubertal onset, and the role of BMI…
Risk for Cerebral Palsy in Infants With Total Serum Bilirubin Levels at or Above the Exchange Transfusion Threshold: A Population-Based Study
Exchange transfusion is recommended for newborns with total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels thought to place them at risk for cerebral…
Prenatal and Neonatal Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Levels and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Thyroid hormones are critical for normal brain development. This study examined autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)…
Increased female autosomal burden of rare copy number variants in human populations and in autism families
Autosomal genetic variation is presumed equivalent in males and females and makes a major contribution to disease risk. We set…
Does adopting a prenatal substance use protocol reduce racial disparities in CPS reporting related to maternal drug use? A California case study
This study examined whether adopting a standardized prenatal substance use protocol (protocol) in a hospital labor and delivery unit reduced…
Community-Based Case-Control Study of Childhood Stroke Risk Associated With Congenital Heart Disease
A better understanding of the stroke risk factors in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) could inform stroke prevention strategies.…
Accuracy of parent-reported information for estimating prevalence of overweight and obesity in a race-ethnically diverse pediatric clinic population aged 3 to 12
There is conflicting evidence about the accuracy of estimates of childhood obesity based on parent-reported data. We assessed accuracy of…
Early weight loss nomograms for exclusively breastfed newborns
The majority of newborns are exclusively breastfed during the birth hospitalization, and weight loss is nearly universal for these neonates.…
Younger pubertal age is associated with allergy and other atopic conditions in girls
Early menarche is linked to higher incidence of adult asthma, suggesting that earlier puberty may influence type 2 immune response…
Neighborhood Influences on Girls’ Obesity Risk Across the Transition to Adolescence
The neighborhoods in which children live, play, and eat provide an environmental context that may influence obesity risk and ameliorate…
Familial Recurrence of Autism Spectrum Disorder: Evaluating Genetic and Environmental Contributions
This study was designed to examine the pattern of familial recurrence of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) in terms of genetic…
Local food environments are associated with girls’ energy, sugar-sweetened beverage and snack-food intakes
To describe availability and frequency of use of local snack-food outlets and determine whether reported use of these outlets was…
Timing and number of minor infections as risk factors for childhood arterial ischemic stroke
In a population-based case-control study, we examined whether the timing and number of minor infections increased risk of childhood arterial…
Arm span and ulnar length are reliable and accurate estimates of recumbent length and height in a multiethnic population of infants and children under 6 years of age.
Surrogate measures are needed when recumbent length or height is unobtainable or unreliable. Arm span has been used as a…
Lipid Screening in Children and Adolescents in Community Practice: 2007 to 2010
Integrated guidelines on cardiovascular health and risk reduction in children issued in 2011 newly recommended universal screening for dyslipidemia in…
Incidence, Etiology, and Outcomes of Hazardous Hyperbilirubinemia in Newborns
Total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels ? 30 mg/dL are rare but potentially hazardous. A better understanding of their incidence, causes,…
Maternal gestational weight gain and offspring risk for childhood overweight or obesity
The objective of the study was to evaluate the association between gestational weight gain, per the 2009 Institute of Medicine…
Evidence of Reproductive Stoppage in Families With Autism Spectrum Disorder: A Large, Population-Based Cohort Study
Few studies have examined the curtailment of reproduction (ie, stoppage) after the diagnosis of a child with autism spectrum disorder…
Prenatal and neonatal peripheral blood mercury levels and autism spectrum disorders
Prenatal and early-life exposures to mercury have been hypothesized to be associated with increased risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs).…
Dietary predictors of urinary environmental biomarkers in young girls, BCERP, 2004-7
Exposures of children to phthalates, parabens, and bisphenol-A (BPA) are of concern because of their hormonal potential. These agents are…
Prenatal and perinatal risk factors in a twin study of autism spectrum disorders
Multiple studies associate prenatal and perinatal complications with increased risks for autism spectrum disorders (ASDs). The objectives of this study…
Phthalate exposure and pubertal development in a longitudinal study of US girls
Does phthalate exposure during early childhood alter the timing of pubertal development in girls? Urinary concentrations of high-molecular weight phthalate…
Prevalence of obesity and extreme obesity in children aged 3-5 years
Early childhood adiposity may have significant later health effects. This study examines the prevalence and recognition of obesity and severe…
Determining Source Strength of Semivolatile Organic Compounds using Measured Concentrations in Indoor Dust
Consumer products and building materials emit a number of semivolatile organic compounds (SVOCs) in the indoor environment. Because indoor SVOCs…
Comparison of health care needs of child family members of adults with alcohol or drug dependence versus adults with asthma or diabetes
To compare the health problems, preventive care utilization, and medical costs of child family members (CFMs) of adults diagnosed with…
Adaptation of the ‘ten questions’ to screen for autism and other neuro-developmental disorders in Uganda
Neurodevelopmental disorders are recognized to be relatively common in developing countries but little data exist for planning effective prevention and…
Television viewing, bedroom television, and sleep duration from infancy to mid-childhood.
BACKGROUND: Television and insufficient sleep are associated with poor mental and physical health. This study assessed associations of TV viewing…
Asthma and physical activity in multiracial girls from three US sites
Studies comparing physical activity levels in children with and without asthma have had mixed results. Our objective was to investigate…
Serum biomarkers of polyfluoroalkyl compound exposure in young girls in Greater Cincinnati and the San Francisco Bay Area, USA
PFC serum concentrations were measured in 6-8 year-old girls in Greater Cincinnati (GC) (N = 353) and the San Francisco…
Severe obesity in children: prevalence, persistence and relation to hypertension
Newer approaches for classifying gradations of pediatric obesity by level of body mass index (BMI) percentage above the 95th percentile…
Invited Commentary: Does Neonatal Hyperbilirubinemia Cause Asthma?
In an analysis of data from the US Collaborative Perinatal Project, Huang et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2013;178(12):1691-1697) report an…
Positive and Negative Interactions Observed Between Siblings: Moderating Effects for Children Exposed to Parents’ Conflict.
This study investigated links between interparental conflict appraisals (specifically threat and self-blame), sibling relationship quality (positive and negative dimensions), and…
Use of antipsychotic medications in pediatric populations: what do the data say?
Recent reports of antipsychotic medication use in pediatric populations describe large increases in rates of use. Much interest in the…
Head Circumferences in Twins With and Without Autism Spectrum Disorders
To determine the genetic relationship between head circumference (HC) and Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs). Twin pairs with at least one…
Role of trauma and infection in childhood hemorrhagic stroke due to vascular lesions
OBJECTIVE: Trauma and infection have been postulated as 'triggers' for hemorrhage from underlying brain vascular lesions (arteriovenous malformations, cavernous malformations,…
Patterns of care and persistence after incident elevated blood pressure
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Screening for hypertension in children occurs during routine care. When blood pressure (BP) is elevated in the…
Acute seizures predict epilepsy after childhood stroke
To determine incidence rates and predictors of epilepsy after childhood stroke and compare these to published estimates of 3 to…
Persistent recurring wheezing in the fifth year of life after laboratory-confirmed, medically attended respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infancy is associated with subsequent recurrent wheezing. A retrospective cohort study examined children born…
Incidence and Prevalence of Juvenile Idiopathic Arthritis Among Children in a Managed Care Population, 1996-2009
Few studies based in well-defined North American populations have examined the occurrence of juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), and none has…
Dietary flavonol intake is associated with age of puberty in a longitudinal cohort of girls
Lignans and flavonols are dietary phytoestrogens found at high concentrations in the Western Diet. They have potential to influence the…
Black Race Is Not Protective Against Hazardous Bilirubin Levels
Although black race is considered protective against hyperbilirubinemia, black infants appear at increased risk of kernicterus. We found that although…
Pregnancy Glycemia in Mexican-American Women Without Diabetes or Gestational Diabetes and Programming for Childhood Obesity
In the present study, we estimated the association between pregnancy glucose levels and offspring body mass index (BMI) z scores…
Impact of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Pubertal Changes in Adiposity and Metabolic Profiles in Latino Offspring
OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) status on longitudinal changes in adiposity and metabolic variables…
Is Infertility Associated with Childhood Autism?
Concerns persist about a possible link between infertility and risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Interpretation of existing studies is…
Use of Birth Certificates to Examine Maternal Occupational Exposures and Autism Spectrum Disorders in Offspring
The continuing rise in the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders has led to heightened interest in the role of nongenetic…
Prehypertension and Hypertension in Community-Based Pediatric Practice
OBJECTIVE: To examine the prevalence of prehypertension and hypertension among children receiving well-child care in community-based practices. METHODS: Children aged…
Sequencing of the IL6 gene in a case–control study of cerebral palsy in children
Cerebral palsy (CP) is a group of nonprogressive disorders of movement and posture caused by abnormal development of, or damage…
12-step participation and outcomes over 7 years among adolescent substance use patients with and without psychiatric comorbidity
This study examines the associations between 12-step participation and outcomes over 7 years among 419 adolescent substance use patients with…
Pregnancy Glucose Levels in Women without Diabetes or Gestational Diabetes and Childhood Cardiometabolic Risk at 7 Years of Age
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the association between pregnancy glucose values in women without recognized pregestational diabetes or gestational diabetes and cardiometabolic…
Recent trauma and acute infection as risk factors for childhood arterial ischemic stroke
OBJECTIVE: Trauma and acute infection have been associated with stroke in adults, and are prevalent exposures in children. We hypothesized…
12-Step participation reduces medical use costs among adolescents with a history of alcohol and other drug treatment
BACKGROUND: Adolescents who attend 12-step groups following alcohol and other drug (AOD) treatment are more likely to remain abstinent and…
The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED): A Multisite Epidemiologic Study of Autism by the Centers for Autism and Developmental Disabilities Research and Epidemiology (CADDRE) Network
The Study to Explore Early Development (SEED), a multisite investigation addressing knowledge gaps in autism phenotype and etiology, aims to:…
Integrating Substance Use Treatment Into Adolescent Health Care
Substance use (SU) problems are common among adolescents, a serious health risk for them and a major public health problem,…
Increased risk for respiratory distress among white, male, late preterm and term infants
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether race/ethnicity and sex independently increase risk of respiratory distress syndrome (RDS) in late preterm and term…
High critical care usage due to pediatric stroke: Results of a population-based study
OBJECTIVES: To measure intensive care unit (ICU) admission, intubation, decompressive craniotomy, and outcomes at discharge in a large population-based study…
Twelve-step attendance trajectories over seven years among adolescents entering substance use treatment in an integrated health plan
AIMS: This study examines 12-Step attendance trajectories over 7 years, factors associated with the trajectories, and relationships between the trajectories…
Peer Influences on Adolescent Alcohol and Other Drug Use Outcomes
PURPOSE: To examine the role of family environment and peer networks in abstinence outcomes for adolescents 1 year after intake…
Evaluating Changes in the Prevalence of the Autism Spectrum Disorders (ASDs)
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are estimated to occur among about one percent of children in the United States. This estimate…
OBAYA (obesity and adverse health outcomes in young adults): feasibility of a population-based multiethnic cohort study using electronic medical records
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Although obesity is a risk factor for many chronic diseases, we have only limited knowledge of the magnitude…
Infant siblings and the investigation of autism risk factors
ABSTRACT: Infant sibling studies have been at the vanguard of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) research over the past decade, providing…
Does neighborhood environment influence girls’ pubertal onset? Findings from a cohort study
BACKGROUND: Pubertal onset occurs earlier than in the past among U.S. girls. Early onset is associated with numerous deleterious outcomes…
A Prospective Study of In-utero Exposure to Magnetic Fields and the Risk of Childhood Obesity
We conducted a prospective study to examine whether in-utero exposure to magnetic fields (MFs) increases the risk of childhood obesity.…
Antipsychotic Medication Use Among Children and Risk of Diabetes Mellitus
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether the risk of incident diabetes was increased with the use of second-generation antipsychotics (SGAs) in a…
Candidate Genes and Risk for Cerebral Palsy: a Population-Based Study
Studies suggest that genetic polymorphisms may increase an individual's susceptibility to CP. Most findings have yet to be corroborated in…
Prenatal exposure to beta2-adrenergic receptor agonists and risk of autism spectrum disorders
This study aims to investigate the association between prenatal exposure to terbutaline and other beta2 adrenergic receptor (B2AR) agonists and…
ADHD drugs and serious cardiovascular events in children and young adults
BACKGROUND: Adverse-event reports from North America have raised concern that the use of drugs for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) increases…
Genetic Heritability and Shared Environmental Factors Among Twin Pairs With Autism
CONTEXT: Autism is considered the most heritable of neurodevelopmental disorders, mainly because of the large difference in concordance rates between…
Antidepressant Use During Pregnancy and Childhood Autism Spectrum Disorders
CONTEXT: The prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) has increased over recent years. Use of antidepressant medications during pregnancy also…
Birth Prevalence of Autism Spectrum Disorders in the San Francisco Bay Area by Demographic and Ascertainment Source Characteristics
Using standardized methods for multi-source surveillance, we calculated the prevalence of autism spectrum disorders (ASD) among children born in a…
Autonomic and adrenocortical reactivity and buccal cell telomere length in kindergarten children
OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between autonomic nervous system and adrenocortical reactivity to laboratory stressors and buccal cell telomere length (BTL)…
Increased midgestational IFN-gamma, IL-4 and IL-5 in women bearing a child with autism: A case-control study
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Immune anomalies have been documented in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) and their family members. It is…
Does gender moderate the relationship between childhood maltreatment and adult depression?
Although considerable evidence demonstrates that adults who report childhood maltreatment are at increased risk of depression in adulthood, little is…
The influence of neighborhood food stores on change in young girls’ body mass index
BACKGROUND: As the prevalence of childhood obesity has risen in past decades, more attention has been given to how the…
Respiratory syncytial virus testing during bronchiolitis episodes of care in an integrated health care delivery system: a retrospective cohort study
BACKGROUND: Bronchiolitis has the highest incidence rate of any lower respiratory infection among infants and children /=41 weeks' GA. Bronchiolitis…
Use of well-child visits in high-deductible health plans
OBJECTIVE: To examine how enrollment in high-deductible health plans (HDHPs) affects use of well-child visits relative to traditional plans, when…
Recurrent wheezing in the third year of life among children born at 32 weeks’ gestation or later: relationship to laboratory-confirmed, medically attended infection with respiratory syncytial virus during the first year of life
OBJECTIVE: To quantify the relationship between recurrent wheezing (RW) in the third year of life and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)…
Prenatal and infant exposure to thimerosal from vaccines and immunoglobulins and risk of autism
OBJECTIVE: Exposure to thimerosal, a mercury-containing preservative that is used in vaccines and immunoglobulin preparations, has been hypothesized to be…
Pubertal assessment method and baseline characteristics in a mixed longitudinal study of girls
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe the assessment methods and maturation status for a multisite cohort of…
Access to treatment for adolescents with substance use and co-occurring disorders: challenges and opportunities
OBJECTIVE: To review the research on economic and systemic barriers faced by adolescents needing treatment for alcohol and drug problems,…
Adiposity predicts carotid intima-media thickness in healthy children and adolescents
OBJECTIVE:To examine whether anthropometric measurements, blood pressure (BP), fasting total cholesterol, and low-density lipoprotein are related to ultrasound measures of…
Body burdens of brominated flame retardants and other persistent organo-halogenated compounds and their descriptors in US girls
BACKGROUND: Levels of brominated flame retardants are increasing in US populations, yet little data are available on body burdens of…
The 5-year direct medical cost of neonatal and childhood stroke in a population-based cohort
BACKGROUND: Despite increasing awareness of the long-term impact of pediatric stroke, there are few estimates of the costs of care.…
Antenatal ultrasound and risk of autism spectrum disorders
We evaluated antenatal ultrasound (U/S) exposure as a risk factor for autism spectrum disorders (ASD), comparing affected singleton children and…
Recurrent headaches in children: an epidemiological survey of two middle schools in inner city Chicago.
OBJECTIVES: The aim of this study was to longitudinally evaluate the epidemiological characteristics of headaches in a school-based, community setting…
Parent-assisted or nurse-assisted epidural analgesia: is this feasible in pediatric patients?
AIM: The aim of this study was to assess the feasibility of parent-assisted or nurse-assisted epidural analgesia (PNEA) for control…
Measuring the neighborhood environment: associations with young girls’ energy intake and expenditure in a cross-sectional study
ABSTRACT: BACKGROUND: Neighborhood environments affect children's health outcomes. Observational methods used to assess neighborhoods can be categorized as indirect, intermediate,…
Influence of the social environment on children’s school travel
OBJECTIVES: To analyze the association between parental perceptions of the social environment and walking and biking to school among 10-14-year-olds.…
Interleukin-6 genotype and risk for cerebral palsy in term and near-term infants
OBJECTIVE: Chorioamnionitis is associated with increased risk for cerebral palsy (CP) in term infants. A functional polymorphism in the interleukin-6…
Risk of autism and increasing maternal and paternal age in a large north American population
Previous studies are inconsistent regarding whether there are independent effects of maternal and paternal age on the risk of autism.…
Imaging data reveal a higher pediatric stroke incidence than prior US estimates
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Prior annualized estimates of pediatric ischemic stroke incidence have ranged from 0.54 to 1.2 per 100,000 US…
Investigation of shifts in autism reporting in the California Department of Developmental Services
We investigated if shifts in the coding of qualifying conditions in the California Department of Developmental Services (DDS) have contributed…
Three-year chemical dependency and mental health treatment outcomes among adolescents: the role of continuing care
BACKGROUND: Few studies have examined the effects of treatment factors, including the types of services [chemical dependency (CD), psychiatric, or…
Unilateral groin surgery in children: will the addition of an ultrasound-guided ilioinguinal nerve block enhance the duration of analgesia of a single-shot caudal block?
BACKGROUND: Inguinal hernia repair, hydrocelectomy, and orchidopexy are commonly performed surgical procedures in children. Postoperative pain control is usually provided…
Maternal diet and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
OBJECTIVE: Intrauterine environmental factors, including maternal diet, may play an etiologic role in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a common childhood…
Cost of routine immunization of young children against rotavirus infection with Rotarix versus RotaTeq.
Using a probabilistic model of the clinical and economic burden of rotavirus gastroenteritis (RVGE), we estimated the expected impact of…
Use of the motor performance checklist to study motor outcomes in 5-year-olds
AIM: To report findings about the Motor Performance Checklist (MPC) for 5-year-olds, a simple 12-item instrument for assessing gross and…
Chiari type I malformation in a pediatric population
The natural history of Chiari I malformation in children remains unclear. A population-based retrospective cohort study was therefore conducted. Radiology…
New vaccines against otitis media: projected benefits and cost-effectiveness
OBJECTIVE: New vaccines that offer protection against otitis media caused by nontypeable Haemophilus influenzae and by Moraxella catarrhalis are under…
Twelve-Step affiliation and 3-year substance use outcomes among adolescents: social support and religious service attendance as potential mediators
AIMS: Twelve-Step affiliation among adolescents is little understood. We examined 12-Step affiliation and its association with substance use outcomes 3…
Utilization of TCD screening for primary stroke prevention in children with sickle cell disease
BACKGROUND: In 1998, the Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia showed a >90% reduction in stroke rates after blood…
Youth exposed to violence: stability, co-occurrence, and context.
With considerable literature establishing how separate types of violence disrupt the lives of children, there is emerging interest in examining…
The importance of cerebral aneurysms in childhood hemorrhagic stroke: a population-based study
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Prior population-based studies of pediatric hemorrhagic stroke (HS) had too few incident cases to assess predictors of…
Self-initiated tobacco cessation and substance use outcomes among adolescents entering substance use treatment in a managed care organization
PURPOSE: Adolescents with substance use (SU) problems have high rates of tobacco use, yet SU treatment has historically ignored treatment…
Increased risk of adverse neurological development for late preterm infants
OBJECTIVE: To assess the risks of moderate prematurity for cerebral palsy (CP), developmental delay/mental retardation (DD/MR), and seizure disorders in…
Mothers of children diagnosed with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: health conditions and medical care utilization in periods before and after birth of the child
BACKGROUND: Analyzing health conditions and medical utilization of mothers of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) can shed light on biologic,…
Decreased transforming growth factor beta1 in autism: a potential link between immune dysregulation and impairment in clinical behavioral outcomes
Autism spectrum disorders (ASD) are characterized by impairment in social interactions, communication deficits, and restricted repetitive interests and behaviors. There…
Maternal mid-pregnancy autoantibodies to fetal brain protein: the early markers for autism study
BACKGROUND: Immune dysfunction has been associated with autism, yet whether maternal immune status during pregnancy plays a causal role remains…
Maternal Rh D status, anti-D immune globulin exposure during pregnancy, and risk of autism spectrum disorders
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to investigate the association between maternal Rh D status, prenatal exposure to anti-D…
Predicting significant hyperbilirubinaemia using birth weight
BACKGROUND: A recent study proposed a risk factor scoring system for prediction of hyperbilirubinaemia that assigned increased risk to infants…
Detection of IL-17 and IL-23 in plasma samples of children with autism
Interleukin-23 (IL-23) is a survival factor for a newly described population of T lymphocytes, namely Th-17 cells, that secrete IL-17,…
Peripheral blood leukocyte production of BDNF following mitogen stimulation in early onset and regressive autism
Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is critical for neuronal differentiation and synaptic development. BDNF is also implicated in the development of…
Sleep problems in children with autism spectrum disorders, developmental delays, and typical development: a population-based study
This study compared parent-reported sleep characteristics in 2- to 5-year-old children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) to children with other…
Short sleep duration in infancy and risk of childhood overweight
OBJECTIVE: To examine the extent to which infant sleep duration is associated with overweight at age 3 years. DESIGN: Longitudinal…
Regression in autism: prevalence and associated factors in the CHARGE Study
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the prevalence of regressive autism and associated demographic, medical, and developmental…
Gene expression changes in children with autism
The objective of this study was to identify gene expression differences in blood differences in children with autism (AU) and…
Substance use, education, employment, and criminal activity outcomes of adolescents in outpatient chemical dependency programs
Although the primary outcome of interest in clinical evaluations of addiction treatment programs is usually abstinence, participation in these programs…
Methylphenidate use in children and risk of cancer at 18 sites: results of surveillance analyses
PURPOSE: A recent report linked methylphenidate (MPH) use in children to cytologic abnormalities in plasma lymphocytes, a possible cancer biomarker.…
Recurrent hemorrhagic stroke in children: a population-based cohort study
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although hemorrhagic strokes (HS) account for half of all strokes in children, rates and predictors of recurrent…
Association of childhood and adolescent anthropometric factors, physical activity, and diet with adult mammographic breast density
Early-life exposures may influence the development of breast cancer. The authors examined the association of childhood and adolescent anthropometric factors,…
Five-year neurodevelopmental outcome of neonatal dehydration
OBJECTIVE: To determine the long-term outcome of neonatal dehydration. STUDY DESIGN: We identified 182 newborns who were rehospitalized with dehydration…
Maternal and paternal age and risk of autism spectrum disorders
OBJECTIVE: To explore the association between maternal and paternal age and risk of autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) in offspring. DESIGN:…
Risk of recurrent childhood arterial ischemic stroke in a population-based cohort: the importance of cerebrovascular imaging
OBJECTIVE: Few data exist regarding rates and predictors of recurrence after childhood arterial ischemic stroke. We sought to establish such…
The epidemiology of autism spectrum disorders
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are complex, lifelong, neurodevelopmental conditions of largely unknown cause. They are much more common than previously…
Pilot study of urinary biomarkers of phytoestrogens, phthalates, and phenols in girls
BACKGROUND: Hormonally active environmental agents have been measured among U.S. children using exposure biomarkers in urine. However, little is known…
Maternal illness and drug/medication use during the period surrounding pregnancy and risk of childhood leukemia among offspring
Maternal illness and drug/medication use (prescription, over-the-counter, and illicit) during pregnancy might be related to childhood leukemia risk. These issues…
Infection in the first 2 years of life and autism spectrum disorders
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to investigate the association between infections in the first 2 years and subsequent…
Potential association between infertility and spinal neural tube defects in offspring
BACKGROUND: We examined the possible association between infertility and spinal neural tube defects (NTDs). METHODS: This is a nested case-control…
Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder in children: excess costs before and after initial diagnosis and treatment cost differences by ethnicity
OBJECTIVES: To estimate the excess costs for children in the years surrounding initial diagnosis of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and to…
A comparison of health care utilization and costs of children with and without autism spectrum disorders in a large group-model health plan
OBJECTIVE: Data on the current costs of medical services for children with autism spectrum disorders are lacking. Our purpose for…
Autism spectrum disorders in relation to distribution of hazardous air pollutants in the san francisco bay area
OBJECTIVE: To explore possible associations between autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and environmental exposures, we linked the California autism surveillance system…
Cerebral palsy in a term population: risk factors and neuroimaging findings
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to study risk factors and neuroimaging characteristics of cerebral palsy in term and…
Progress in pediatric asthma surveillance I: the application of health care use data in Alameda County, California
INTRODUCTION: The ability to conduct community-level asthma surveillance is increasingly crucial for public health programming and child health advocacy. We…
The CHARGE study: an epidemiologic investigation of genetic and environmental factors contributing to autism
Causes and contributing factors for autism are poorly understood. Evidence suggests that prevalence is rising, but the extent to which…
Progress in pediatric asthma surveillance II: geospatial patterns of asthma in Alameda County, California
INTRODUCTION: As with many diseases, the epidemic of asthma among children over the past few decades has been shaped by…
Congenital anomalies associated with autism spectrum disorders
This study examined whether major congenital structural anomalies identified in infancy occurred more frequently in children later diagnosed with autism…
Adolescents entering chemical dependency treatment in private managed care: ethnic differences in treatment initiation and retention
PURPOSE: There has been little research on adolescents of different ethnicities in chemical dependency (CD) treatment, despite a focus on…
Childhood urinary symptoms predict adult overactive bladder symptoms
PURPOSE: A relationship between childhood urinary symptoms and adult lower urinary tract symptoms in women is often clinically suspected. In…
Barriers to routine gynecological cancer screening for White and African-American obese women
BACKGROUND: Obese women are reported to be at higher risk from gynecological cancers than nonobese women, yet these women are…
Adolescents with co-occurring substance use and mental conditions in a private managed care health plan: prevalence, patient characteristics, and treatment initiation and engagement
This study examined the prevalence, patient characteristics, and treatment initiation and engagement of adolescents with co-occurring substance use (SU) and…
Translating research findings into practice: example of treatment services for adolescents in managed care
An important question in the alcoholism treatment field is how research findings can be translated into real-world clinical practice. Researchers…
Health care services use by adolescents with intakes into an outpatient alcohol and drug treatment program
We examined utilization and cost in the 1 year pre- and post-intake among a sample of adolescents (N=419) entering chemical…
Long-term hemorrhage risk in children versus adults with brain arteriovenous malformations
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Children with brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) are said to be at higher risk for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH)…
Predictors of outcome in perinatal arterial stroke: a population-based study
Some infants with perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAS) experience development of cerebral palsy (CP), epilepsy, and cognitive impairment, whereas others…
Adolescents in private chemical dependency programs: who are most at risk for HIV?
Consecutive intakes (N = 419) between ages 13 and 18 years to chemical dependency (CD) programs in a large private…
Chemical dependency and psychiatric services for adolescents in private managed care: implications for outcomes
BACKGROUND: Many adolescents with alcohol and drug problems have mental health comorbidities. The literature suggests that patients entering chemical dependency…
Prevalence of motor abnormalities among healthy 5-year old children
The prevalence of motor examination abnormalities among a general pediatric population is unknown. We determined the frequency of motor abnormalities…
Maternal and infant characteristics associated with perinatal arterial stroke in the infant
CONTEXT: Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAS) is a common cause of hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Risk factors for this condition have…
Treatment with stimulants among youths in a large California health plan
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to examine the use of stimulants among youths in a large and diverse…
Trends in use of antidepressants, lithium, and anticonvulsants in Kaiser Permanente-insured youths, 1994-2003
In view of the current controversy regarding the use of antidepressants in children and adolescents, we examined trends from 1994…
Maternal autoimmune diseases, asthma and allergies, and childhood autism spectrum disorders: a case-control study
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between physician-documented diagnoses of maternal autoimmune diseases, allergies, and asthma around the time of pregnancy…
Neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and risk of autism spectrum disorders
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the association between neonatal hyperbilirubinemia and autism spectrum disorders (ASD). METHODS: We conducted a large case-control study…
Pathways to chemical dependency treatment for adolescents in an HMO
This study examines pathways to chemical dependency (CD) treatment for adolescents in a prepaid health plan, including factors influencing treatment…
Adolescents with substance diagnoses in an HMO: factors associated with medical provider referrals to substance abuse and mental health treatment
This study examines the factors related to referrals of adolescents with substance use disorders to substance abuse or mental health…
Identifying environmental contributions to autism: provocative clues and false leads
The potential role of environmental factors in autism spectrum disorders (ASD) is an area of emerging interest within the public…
Reproductive health counseling at pregnancy testing: a pilot study
OBJECTIVES: To pilot brief reproductive health counseling for women obtaining pregnancy testing in a managed-care setting who did not desire…
Reduction in antibiotic use among US children, 1996-2000
BACKGROUND: High rates of antibiotic prescribing to children contribute to antibiotic resistance in the community. The Centers for Disease Control…
DDT and DDE exposure in mothers and time to pregnancy in daughters
Reproductive-tract anomalies after administration of the potent oestrogen, diethylstilboestrol, in pregnant women raised concerns about the reproductive effects of exposure…
Oral magnesium oxide prophylaxis of frequent migrainous headache in children: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether, in children, oral magnesium oxide reduces migrainous headache frequency, severity, and associated features compared to placebo.…
Infants with bilirubin levels of 30 mg/dL or more in a large managed care organization
OBJECTIVE: To describe the incidence, etiology, treatment, and outcome of newborns with total serum bilirubin (TSB) levels >or=30 mg/dL (513…
Phototherapy use in jaundiced newborns in a large managed care organization: do clinicians adhere to the guideline?
OBJECTIVE: In 1994, the American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) published a practice guideline with age-specific thresholds for phototherapy for healthy…
Impact of the pneumococcal conjugate vaccine on otitis media
CONTEXT: The heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV) is recommended for infants to protect against invasive disease, but its impact on…
On the twin risk in autism
Autism is considered by many to be the most strongly genetically influenced multifactorial childhood psychiatric disorder. In the absence of…
Effectiveness of heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in children younger than five years of age for prevention of pneumonia
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effectiveness of the Wyeth heptavalent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine against clinical and radiograph-confirmed pneumonia in children. METHODS:…
Racial/ethnic variation in asthma status and management practices among children in managed medicaid
OBJECTIVE: Racial/ethnic disparities in hospitalization rates among children with asthma have been documented but are not well-understood. Medicaid programs, which…
Relation of childhood height and later risk of breast cancer
The authors sought to examine the hypothesis that girls who were relatively tall during the prepubescent period (indicative of an…
The epidemiology of mental retardation of unknown cause
OBJECTIVE: To describe selected infant and maternal characteristics for children with mild and severe mental retardation (MR) of unknown cause.…
Congenital abnormalities among children with cerebral palsy: More evidence for prenatal antecedents
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the association between cerebral palsy (CP) and congenital abnormalities among children with very low, low, and normal…
Neuropeptides and neurotrophins in neonatal blood of children with autism or mental retardation
There has been little exploration of major biologic regulators of cerebral development in autism. In archived neonatal blood of children…
Maternal exposure to nitrate from drinking water and diet and risk for neural tube defects
In this population-based case-control study conducted in California between June 1989 and May 1991, the authors investigated the association between…
A comparison of health care experiences for medicaid and commercially enrolled children in a large, nonprofit health maintenance organization
BACKGROUND: Proponents of Medicaid managed care have argued that this type of care offers the potential to provide mainstream health…
Projected cost-effectiveness of pneumococcal conjugate vaccination of healthy infants and young children
CONTEXT: Pneumococcal conjugate vaccine for infants has recently been found effective against meningitis, bacteremia, pneumonia, and otitis media. OBJECTIVE: To…
Excess maternal transmission of type 2 diabetes. The Northern California Kaiser Permanente Diabetes Registry
OBJECTIVE: To assess excess maternal transmission of type 2 diabetes in a multiethnic cohort. Previous studies have reported higher prevalence…
Issues in studying the effectiveness of health services for children
OBJECTIVES: To discuss issues in studying the effectiveness of health services for children, suggest areas in which more research is…
Effectiveness and cost-effectiveness of letters, automated telephone messages, or both for underimmunized children in a health maintenance organization
BACKGROUND: Immunization rates have improved in the United States, but are still far from the national 90% goal for the…
Computer-based models to identify high-risk children with asthma
Effective management of populations with asthma requires methods for identifying patients at high risk for adverse outcomes. The aim of…
