Lo, Joan C.
Research interests center on endocrinologic conditions related to women’s health.
Mediating Effects of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors on the Association Between Maternal Race-Ethnicity and Cesarean Delivery Among Low-Risk Women
Background: While racial-ethnic disparities in cesarean delivery rates among nulliparous women delivering a term singleton in the vertex position (NTSV)…
Metabolic syndrome risk components and mortality after triple-negative breast cancer diagnosis in postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) has a high recurrence risk and poor clinical outcomes. Associations between metabolic syndrome (MetS) risk components…
The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
SWAN VI aims to elucidate menopause transition characteristics and trajectories of midlife health markers (inflammation, metabolic and cardiovascular risk factors,…
Plasma lipidomics profile in pregnancy and gestational diabetes risk: a prospective study in a multiracial/ethnic cohort
Disruption of lipid metabolism is implicated in gestational diabetes (GDM). However, prospective studies on lipidomics and GDM risk in race/ethnically…
Urinary polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in relation to anthropometric measures and pubertal development in a cohort of Northern California girls
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of ubiquitous, environmental chemicals that may have endocrine disrupting capabilities. We investigated whether…
Fetal and Early Postnatal Influences on Child Metabolic Health After Gestational Diabetes
This 5-year RO1 study will determine the independent contribution of fetal exposures and early postnatal lifestyle factors on subsequent development…
Body Composition and Breast Cancer Survival: Immune and Metabolic Biomarkers in Breast Tumors
We previously found that one third of nonmetastatic breast cancer patients had sarcopenia (age-related loss of muscle tissue) at the…
Identifying metabolomic profiles of inflammatory diets in postmenopausal women
We previously showed that a food-based empirical dietary inflammatory pattern (EDIP) score is associated with circulating inflammatory biomarkers. Metabolomic profiling…
Risk of Mortality between Untreated and Treated Papillary Thyroid Cancer: A Matched Cohort Analysis
To examine the association between treatment status and mortality risk among patients with papillary thyroid cancer (PTC). We identified 3,679…
Healthful dietary patterns, intermediate biomarkers and long-term breast cancer prognosis
To strengthen the dietary guidelines for breast cancer survivors, we examine whether at-diagnosis concordance with healthful dietary patterns is associated…
Longitudinal Evolution of Markers of Mineral Metabolism in Patients With CKD: The Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study
The pathogenesis of disordered mineral metabolism in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is largely informed by cross-sectional studies of humans and…
Risk of Cardiovascular Events in Statin-Treated Patients with Type 2 Diabetes and Metabolic Dyslipidemia without Prevalent Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease
The relationship between achieved low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) levels and risk of incident atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease events among patients with…
Identifying and Prioritizing Chemicals with Uncertain Burden of Exposure: Opportunities for Biomonitoring and Health-Related Research
The National Institutes of Health's Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) initiative aims to understand the impact of environmental…
Vitamin D Metabolic Ratio and Risks of Death and CKD Progression
Assessment of impaired vitamin D metabolism is limited by lack of functional measures. CYP24A1-mediated vitamin D clearance, calculated as the…
Leveraging Multi-omics Approaches to Examine Metabolic Challenges of Obesity in Relation to Cardiovascular Diseases
This project will generate longitudinal plasma metabolomic profiles in the CARDIA study cohort to better understand underlying molecular mechanisms for…
Duration and stability of metabolically healthy obesity over 30 years
Obese adults who are free from metabolic risk factors may develop risk factors over time. Our objective was to characterize…
Association of breastfeeding and gestational diabetes mellitus with the prevalence of prediabetes and the metabolic syndrome in offspring of Hispanic mothers
The effects of breastfeeding (BF) on metabolic syndrome (MetS) and diabetes mellitus in children exposed to gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)…
Identifying Metabolomic Profiles of Insulinemic Dietary Patterns
The food-based empirical dietary index for hyperinsulinemia (EDIH) score assesses the insulinemic potential of diet. This cross-sectional study evaluated associations…
Iodinated Contrast Agents and Risk of Hypothyroidism in Young Children in the United States
Although it is generally acknowledged that exposure to iodine contrast agents can interfere with thyroid function, little is known about…
Reproductive period and risk of dementia in a diverse cohort of health care members
Women have >50% greater lifetime risk of dementia than men but the role of female-specific endocrine milieu is not well-understood.…
Bisphenol A and pubertal height growth in school-aged children
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an environmental endocrine disruptor and is found in many consumer products. Studies suggest that BPA may…
The Association Between Change in Serum Bicarbonate and Change in Thyroid Hormone Levels in Patients Receiving Conventional or More Frequent Maintenance Hemodialysis
Correction of metabolic acidosis in patients with chronic kidney disease has been associated with improvement in thyroid function. We examined…
Prospective Evaluation of Chronic Pancreatitis for Epidemiologic and Translational Studies (PROCEED)
The goal of the PROCEED study is to determine the early markers or predictors of progression among individuals with pancreatitis.…
Objective Sleep Characteristics and Cardiometabolic Health in Young Adolescents
: media-1vid110.1542/5778442247001PEDS-VA_2017-4085Video Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Shorter sleep duration is associated with childhood obesity. Few studies measure sleep quantity and…
A Longitudinal Study of Thyroid Markers across Pregnancy and the Risk of Gestational Diabetes
Triiodothyronine (T3) is the biologically-active thyroid hormone involved in glucose metabolism. fT3:fT4 ratio, a marker indicating conversion of free thyroxine…
A prospective and longitudinal study of plasma phospholipid saturated fatty acid profile in relation to cardiometabolic biomarkers and the risk of gestational diabetes
Data on saturated fatty acids (SFAs) in relation to metabolic function and glucose homeostasis remain controversial. Such data are lacking…
Pregravid Biomarkers and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus Risk, Fetal Growth and Progression to Diabetes
This study will examine pregravid biomarkers of metabolic risk (adiponectin, high molecular weight adiponectin, c-reactive protein, liver enzymes, fetuin-A and…
Iodinated Contrast Agents and Risk of Hypothyroidism in Young Children in the United States
This study will estimate the incidence of pulmonary hypothyroid in a pediatric population of children under age 4, based on…
Association Between Gestational Diabetes and Incident Maternal CKD: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is associated with increased risk for diabetes mellitus, metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. We evaluated whether…
Sex hormones and brain volumes in a longitudinal study of middle-aged men in the CARDIA study
Several findings suggest that testosterone (T) is neuroprotective and that declining T levels during aging are associated with cognitive and…
Phenol concentrations during childhood and subsequent measures of adiposity among young girls
Phenolic compounds represent a class of environmental chemicals with potentially endocrine-disrupting capabilities. We investigated longitudinal associations between childhood exposure to…
Anti-Müllerian hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, antral follicle count, and risk of menopause within 5 years
To evaluate the ability of concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), and concentration of follicle stimulating hormone…
Peripubertal dietary flavonol and lignan intake and age at menarche in a longitudinal cohort of girls
BackgroundDietary phytoestrogens may alter hormonal activity in childhood. Flavonols and lignans are the most prevalent phytoestrogens in the Western diet.…
Testosterone Levels in Pre-Menopausal Women are Associated With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Midlife
Young women with hyperandrogenism have high risk of metabolic co-morbidities, including increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Whether…
Association of Testosterone Replacement With Cardiovascular Outcomes Among Men With Androgen Deficiency
Controversy exists regarding the safety of testosterone replacement therapy (TRT) following recent reports of an increased risk of adverse cardiovascular…
Pregnancy-Related Risk Factors and Glucose Intolerance in Women during Midlife
This is an ancillary study to the CARDIA Study, a multi-center longitudinal study of 5,115 black and white women and…
Incidence of Osteoporosis and Abnormal Lipid Profiles in Women Over Age 40, Who Test Positive for a BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation and Have Had a Risk-Reducing Salpingo-oophorectomy
This cohort study will use DXA scans to: 1) establish the incidence of abnormal DXA scans in women post testing…
Pharmacogenomics of Statin Therapy
This study will recruit statin users with: 1) a major acute coronary event (n=150), 2) new onset type 2 diabetes…
Iodinated contrast agents and risk of hypothyroidism in young children
The objective of this study is to estimate the rate of hypothyroidism in children under age 4 years who have…
The Genetic Basis of Pediatric Cholestasis
The goal of this project is to identify new genes underlying pediatric cholestasis.
Associations of urinary phthalate and phenol biomarkers with menarche in a multiethnic cohort of young girls
To study potential environmental influences on puberty in girls, we investigated urinary biomarkers in relation to age at menarche. Phenols…
Placental genetic variations in vitamin D metabolism and birthweight
INTRODUCTION: Vitamin D has pleiotropic functions that regulate fetal growth and development. We investigated associations of common placental genetic variations…
Metabolic Dysfunction, Obesity, and Survival Among Patients With Early-Stage Colorectal Cancer
The effects of obesity and metabolic dysregulation on cancer survival are inconsistent. To identify high-risk subgroups of obese patients and…
A Predictive Metabolic Signature for the Transition from Gestational Diabetes to Type 2 Diabetes
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) affects 3-14% of pregnancies, with 20-50% of these women progressing to type 2 diabetes (T2D) within…
Preterm Delivery and Metabolic Syndrome in Women Followed From Prepregnancy Through 25 Years Later
To investigate whether women who deliver preterm have excess risk for metabolic dysregulation independent of prepregnancy factors. We conducted a…
Intake of fish and long-chain omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and incidence of metabolic syndrome among American young adults: a 25-year follow-up study
Studies suggest that long-chain ?-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (LC?3PUFA) intake and its primary food source-fish-may have beneficial effects on the…
Thyroid Hormones and Timing of Pubertal Onset in a Longitudinal Cohort of Females, Northern California, 2006-11
Pubertal timing is regulated by a complex interplay of hormones. Few studies have evaluated the role of thyroid hormones in…
Thyroid Antagonists (Perchlorate, Thiocyanate, and Nitrate) and Childhood Growth in a Longitudinal Study of U.S. Girls
Perchlorate, thiocyanate, and nitrate are sodium/iodide symporter (NIS) inhibitors that block iodide uptake into the thyroid, thus affecting thyroid function.…
Genetics, Diet, and Season Are Associated with Serum 25-Hydroxycholecalciferol Concentration in a Yup’ik Study Population from Southwestern Alaska.
BACKGROUND:Low blood vitamin D concentration is a concern for people living in circumpolar regions, where sunlight is insufficient for vitamin…
Metabolic Dyslipidemia and Risk of Coronary Heart Disease in 28,318 Adults With Diabetes Mellitus and Low-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol <100 mg/dl
The risk of future coronary heart disease (CHD) in subjects with diabetes and "metabolic dyslipidemia" (high triglyceride [TGs] and low…
Thyroid Hormones and Moderate Exposure to Perchlorate during Pregnancy in Women in Southern California
Findings from national surveys suggest that everyone in the US is exposed to perchlorate. At high doses, perchlorate, thiocyanate, and…
Associations between Bisphenol A Exposure and Reproductive Hormones among Female Workers
The associations between Bisphenol-A (BPA) exposure and reproductive hormone levels among women are unclear. A cross-sectional study was conducted among…
Maternal prepregnancy waist circumference and BMI in relation to gestational weight gain and breastfeeding behavior: the CARDIA study
Studies suggest that gestational weight gain (GWG) and breastfeeding behavior may influence long-term maternal abdominal fat mass. However, this could…
Prediagnostic Sex Steroid Hormones in Relation to Male Breast Cancer Risk
Although previous studies have implicated a variety of hormone-related risk factors in the etiology of male breast cancers, no previous…
Gestational Thyrotoxicosis, Antithyroid Drug Use and Neonatal Outcomes within an Integrated Healthcare Delivery System
Increasing attention has focused on the prevalence and outcomes of hyperthyroidism in pregnancy, given concerns for hepatotoxicity and embryopathy associated…
Risk of Diabetes among Patients Receiving Primary Androgen Deprivation Therapy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer
Androgen deprivation therapy may increase diabetes risk. As the benefits of primary androgen deprivation therapy for localized prostate cancer are…
Fitness Change Effects on Midlife Metabolic Outcomes: The CARDIA Study
Fitness decline, high body mass index (BMI), and insulin resistance (IR) are associated with worsening cardiometabolic risk factors prospectively; modification…
Prenatal and Neonatal Thyroid Stimulating Hormone Levels and Autism Spectrum Disorders
Thyroid hormones are critical for normal brain development. This study examined autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH)…
Lipid Screening in Children and Adolescents in Community Practice: 2007 to 2010
Integrated guidelines on cardiovascular health and risk reduction in children issued in 2011 newly recommended universal screening for dyslipidemia in…
Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Postmenopausal Women with Prior Pregnancy Loss: The Women’s Health Initiative
Metabolic, hormonal, and hemostatic changes associated with pregnancy loss (stillbirth and miscarriage) may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease…
Pregravid Liver Enzyme Levels and Risk of Gestational Diabetes During a Subsequent Pregnancy
Liver enzymes are independent predictors of type 2 diabetes. Although liver fat content correlates with features of insulin resistance, a…
Anthropometric and Hormonal Risk Factors for Male Breast Cancer: Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project Results
The etiology of male breast cancer is poorly understood, partly because of its relative rarity. Although genetic factors are involved,…
Impact of breastfeeding on maternal metabolism: implications for women with gestational diabetes
Lactating compared with nonlactating women display more favorable metabolic parameters, including less atherogenic blood lipids, lower fasting and postprandial blood…
Low Prepregnancy Adiponectin Concentrations Are Associated With a Marked Increase in Risk for Development of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
To examine whether circulating total and high-molecular weight (HMW) adiponectin concentrations, measured before pregnancy, are associated with subsequent risk of…
Indirect effect of financial strain on daily cortisol output through daily negative to positive affect index in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study
Daily affect is important to health and has been linked to cortisol. The combination of high negative affect and low…
Discovery and refinement of loci associated with lipid levels
Levels of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol, triglycerides and total cholesterol are heritable, modifiable risk factors for…
A cross sectional association between bone mineral density and parathyroid hormone and other biomarkers in community-dwelling young adults: the CARDIA Study
Most association studies of bone-related biomarkers (BBMs) with bone mineral density (BMD) have been conducted in postmenopausal women. We tested…
Genome-wide Characterization of Shared and Distinct Genetic Components that Influence Blood Lipid Levels in Ethnically Diverse Human Populations
Blood lipid concentrations are heritable risk factors associated with atherosclerosis and cardiovascular diseases. Lipid traits exhibit considerable variation among populations…
Impact of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus on Pubertal Changes in Adiposity and Metabolic Profiles in Latino Offspring
OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of maternal gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) status on longitudinal changes in adiposity and metabolic variables…
Impaired Fasting Glucose and Impaired Glucose Tolerance Have Distinct Lipoprotein and Apolipoprotein Changes: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study
CONTEXT: Cardiovascular risk is increased in individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and impaired fasting glucose (IFG); however, those with…
A low-fat dietary pattern and risk of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women: The Women’s Health Initiative
OBJECTIVE: Nutrition plays an important role in metabolic syndrome etiology. We examined whether the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Dietary Modification…
Hormone therapy and Alzheimer disease dementia: New findings from the Cache County Study
OBJECTIVES: Observational studies suggest reduced risk of Alzheimer disease (AD) in users of hormone therapy (HT), but trials show higher…
Vasomotor Symptoms and Insulin Resistance in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
CONTEXT: Emerging research suggests links between menopausal hot flashes and cardiovascular disease risk. The mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear,…
Risk of preterm delivery in non-diabetic women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
OBJECTIVE: To examine the risk and etiology of preterm delivery in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective…
Do Changes in Sex Steroid Hormones Precede or Follow Increases in Body Weight during the Menopause Transition? Results from The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
CONTEXT: Whether menopause-related changes in sex steroids account for midlife weight gain in women or whether weight drives changes in…
Prevalence of cervical insufficiency in polycystic ovarian syndrome
BACKGROUND: Pregnant women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) experience a greater rate of adverse obstetrical outcomes compared with non-PCOS women.…
Sex Hormones and the QT Interval: A Review
A prolonged QT interval is a marker for an increased risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Both endogenous and exogenous sex hormones…
Vasomotor Symptoms and Lipid Profiles in Women Transitioning Through Menopause
OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between vasomotor symptoms and lipids over 8 years, controlling for other cardiovascular risk factors, estradiol, and…
Pregnancy during adolescence has lasting adverse effects on blood lipids: A 10-year longitudinal study of black and white females
BACKGROUND: Primiparity has been associated with 3 to 4 mg/dL lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in black and white adult…
Fat mass modifies the association of fat-free mass with symptom-limited treadmill duration in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
BACKGROUND: The assessment of fat mass and fat-free mass in relation to the symptom-limited maximal exercise duration (Max(dur)) of a…
Pregravid cardiometabolic risk profile and risk for gestational diabetes mellitus
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine pregravid cardiometabolic profile and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).…
Racial and ethnic disparities in postpartum depression care among low-income women
OBJECTIVE: The goal of this study was to characterize racial-ethnic differences in mental health care utilization associated with postpartum depression…
A bivariate genome-wide approach to metabolic syndrome: STAMPEED consortium
OBJECTIVE The metabolic syndrome (MetS) is defined as concomitant disorders of lipid and glucose metabolism; central obesity; and high blood…
Duration of lactation and maternal adipokines at 3 years postpartum
OBJECTIVE: Lactation has been associated with reduced maternal risk of type 2 diabetes, the metabolic syndrome, and cardiovascular disease. We…
Triglycerides and amputation risk in patients with diabetes: ten-year follow-up in the DISTANCE study
OBJECTIVE: To determine the association between triglyceride levels and lower-extremity amputation (LEA) risk in a large diabetic cohort. RESEARCH DESIGN…
Metabolic syndrome, components, and cardiovascular disease prevalence in chronic kidney disease: findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study
BACKGROUND/AIMS: Metabolic syndrome may increase the risk for incident cardiovascular disease (CVD) and all-cause mortality in the general population. It…
Timing of hormone therapy and dementia: the critical window theory revisited
OBJECTIVE: Although previous research has shown that initiation of postmenopausal estrogen hormone therapy (HT) in late life increases risk of…
Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk for long-term diabetes and dyslipidemia
To estimate whether women aged 20-32 years who fulfilled National Institutes of Health criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) would…
Association of maternal short sleep duration with adiposity and cardiometabolic status at 3 years postpartum
The purpose of this study was to examine the association of short sleep duration among women in the first year…
Longitudinal study of prepregnancy cardiometabolic risk factors and subsequent risk of gestational diabetes mellitus: The CARDIA study
This study examined prepregnancy cardiometabolic risk factors and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in subsequent pregnancies. The authors selected 1,164 women…
The polycystic ovary post-rotterdam: a common, age-dependent finding in ovulatory women without metabolic significance
INTRODUCTION: The age-specific prevalence of polycystic ovaries (PCO), as defined by the Rotterdam criteria, among normal ovulatory women, has not…
Association analyses of 249,796 individuals reveal 18 new loci associated with body mass index
Obesity is globally prevalent and highly heritable, but its underlying genetic factors remain largely elusive. To identify genetic loci for…
Meta-analysis identifies 13 new loci associated with waist-hip ratio and reveals sexual dimorphism in the genetic basis of fat distribution
Waist-hip ratio (WHR) is a measure of body fat distribution and a predictor of metabolic consequences independent of overall adiposity.…
Cost-effectiveness of using high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to identify intermediate- and low-cardiovascular-risk individuals for statin therapy
BACKGROUND: Many myocardial infarctions and strokes occur in individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels below recommended treatment thresholds. High sensitivity…
Prospective association of serum androgens and sex hormone-binding globulin with subclinical cardiovascular disease in young adult women: the ‘Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults’ women’s study
CONTEXT: The role of endogenous androgens and SHBG in the development of cardiovascular disease in young adult women is unclear.…
Nonoptimal lipids commonly present in young adults and coronary calcium later in life: the CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults) study
BACKGROUND: Dyslipidemia causes coronary heart disease in middle-aged and elderly adults, but the consequences of lipid exposure during young adulthood…
Prepregnancy lipids related to preterm birth risk: the coronary artery risk development in young adults study
CONTEXT: Preterm birth is associated with maternal cardiovascular risk, but mechanisms are unknown. OBJECTIVE: We considered that dyslipidemia may predispose…
Reproductive and sex hormonal factors and oesophageal and gastric junction adenocarcinoma: a pooled analysis
BACKGROUND: The rapidly rising incidence and the striking male predominance are as yet unexplained features of oesophageal and gastric junction…
Modeling multisystem biological risk in young adults: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study
Although much prior research has focused on identifying the roles of major regulatory systems in health risks, the concept of…
Duration of lactation and maternal metabolism at 3 years postpartum
OBJECTIVE: Lactation has been associated with reduced risk of type 2 diabetes and the metabolic syndrome in mothers. We examined…
Gestational weight gain and risk of gestational diabetes mellitus
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the relationship between the rate of gestational weight gain before the 50-g, 1-hour oral glucose challenge test…
Duration of lactation and incidence of the metabolic syndrome in women of reproductive age according to gestational diabetes mellitus status: a 20-Year prospective study in CARDIA (Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults)
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to prospectively assess the association between lactation duration and incidence of the metabolic…
Childbearing is associated with higher incidence of the metabolic syndrome among women of reproductive age controlling for measurements before pregnancy: the CARDIA study
OBJECTIVE: We sought to prospectively examine whether childbearing is associated with higher incidence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) after delivery…
Mixed urinary incontinence: greater impact on quality of life
PURPOSE: We compared the impact of mixed, stress and urge urinary incontinence on quality of life in middle-aged or older…
Childbearing and obesity in women: weight before, during, and after pregnancy
Weight gain and the development of obesity during midlife are strong independent predictors of cardiovascular disease, particularly among women, as…
Lipid changes during the menopause transition in relation to age and weight: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
Few studies have prospectively examined lipid changes across the menopause transition or in relation to menopausal changes in endogenous hormones.…
Longitudinal study of growth and adiposity in parous compared with nulligravid adolescents
OBJECTIVE: To examine the impact of pregnancy on adolescent growth and adiposity relative to nulligravidas of similar maturation stage. DESIGN:…
Changes over 14 years in androgenicity and body mass index in a biracial cohort of reproductive-age women
BACKGROUND: Body mass index (BMI) is directly related to testosterone (total T and free T) and inversely to SHBG cross-sectionally,…
Childbearing may increase visceral adipose tissue independent of overall increase in body fat
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether childbearing is associated with increased visceral adiposity and whether the increase is proportionally larger than other…
Bone mineral density changes during the menopause transition in a multiethnic cohort of women
CONTEXT: Rates of bone loss across the menopause transition and factors associated with variation in menopausal bone loss are poorly…
Association of upper trunk and visceral adipose tissue volume with insulin resistance in control and HIV-infected subjects in the FRAM study
Visceral obesity is associated with insulin resistance, but the association of other regional adipose depots with insulin resistance is not…
GFR, body mass index, and low high-density lipoprotein concentration in adults with and without CKD
BACKGROUND: Low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level is common in patients with chronic kidney disease, but associations between severity of…
The metabolic syndrome is no better than its components
The usefulness of the metabolic syndrome is subject of debate. A central issue from the epidemiological perspective is whether the…
Incidental finding of metastatic papillary thyroid carcinoma in a patient with primary hyperparathyroidism.
OBJECTIVE: To report on the management of a patient with the rare concurrence of primary hyperparathyroidism and incidentally found metastatic…
Metabolic syndrome and cognitive decline in elderly Latinos: findings from the Sacramento Area Latino Study of Aging study
OBJECTIVES: To investigate the effect of metabolic syndrome on cognitive function in an elderly Latino population and to determine whether…
The epidemiology of adiposity and dementia
Adipose tissue is the largest endocrine gland in the body, yet only recently has its role in neurodegenerative disease been…
Lactation and changes in maternal metabolic risk factors
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationship between duration of lactation and changes in maternal metabolic risk factors. METHODS: This 3-year prospective…
Plasma leptin levels and coronary artery calcification in older adults
CONTEXT: Leptin is associated with adiposity and insulin resistance and may play a direct role in vascular calcification. It is…
Body composition and functional limitation in COPD
BACKGROUND: Low body mass index has been associated with increased mortality in severe COPD. The impact of body composition earlier…
Metabolic syndrome and early-onset coronary artery disease: is the whole greater than its parts?
OBJECTIVES: We sought to examine the association between the metabolic syndrome (MetS) (defined both by the 2001 National Cholesterol Educational…
Statin therapy and risks for death and hospitalization in chronic heart failure
CONTEXT: Whether statin therapy has beneficial effects on clinical outcomes in patients with heart failure is unclear. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate…
Effect of hormone therapy on risk of hip and knee joint replacement in the Women’s Health Initiative
OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of hormone therapy on arthroplasty rates. METHODS: We examined data from the Women's Health Initiative…
The metabolic syndrome and chronic kidney disease
PURPOSE OF REVIEW: The metabolic syndrome is a constellation of physical and laboratory abnormalities including hypertension, hyperglycemia, hyperlipidemia and abdominal…
The temporal relationship between heart rate recovery immediately after exercise and the metabolic syndrome: the CARDIA study
AIMS: Slower heart rate recovery (HRR) following exercise is associated with the metabolic syndrome, yet the temporal relationship between the…
Effects of conjugated equine estrogen on stroke in the Women’s Health Initiative
BACKGROUND: The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Estrogen Alone trial assessed the balance of benefits and risks of hormone use in…
The study of fat redistribution and metabolic change in HIV infection (FRAM): methods, design, and sample characteristics
The Study of Fat Redistribution and Metabolic Change in HIV Infection (FRAM), initiated in 2000, investigates the prevalence and correlates…
Venous thrombosis and conjugated equine estrogen in women without a uterus
BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal hormone therapy has been associated with a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VT) (including deep…
Hormone predictors of bone mineral density changes during the menopausal transition
OBJECTIVE AND CONTEXT: Our objective was to examine predictability of reproductive hormone concentrations for bone mineral density (BMD) loss during…
Epidemiology and adverse cardiovascular risk profile of diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome
CONTEXT: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with menstrual and reproductive abnormalities, insulin resistance, and obesity. OBJECTIVE: The objective of…
Socioeconomic status, race, and diurnal cortisol decline in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
OBJECTIVES: The objectives of this study were to assess whether socioeconomic status (SES) is associated with dysregulation of the cortisol…
Metabolic syndrome and the risk for chronic kidney disease among nondiabetic adults
The metabolic syndrome is a risk factor for the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease; however, no prospective studies have…
Increased prevalence of subclinical and clinical hypothyroidism in persons with chronic kidney disease
BACKGROUND: Previous studies have suggested a higher prevalence of thyroid abnormalities in persons with end-stage renal disease. However, little is…
The key role of newborn thyroid scintigraphy with isotopic iodide (123I) in defining and managing congenital hypothyroidism
BACKGROUND: Thyroid imaging with isotopic iodide (123I) or technetium Tc 99m pertechnetate has been available for decades but is not…
Risk factors for the metabolic syndrome: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study, 1985-2001
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to describe the association of the metabolic syndrome with demographic characteristics and to…
Estrogen plus progestin and risk of venous thrombosis
CONTEXT: Postmenopausal hormone therapy increases the risk of venous thrombosis. It is not known whether other factors influencing thrombosis add…
Effect of isoflavones on lipids and bone turnover markers in menopausal women
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this analysis was to compare the effects of two dietary supplements derived from red clover to…
Long-term plasma lipid changes associated with a first birth: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study
Previous studies have reported declines in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 1-2 years after pregnancy. In 1986-1996, the authors prospectively…
Differential effects of teriparatide on BMD after treatment with raloxifene or alendronate
We investigated the effects of 18 months of treatment with teriparatide in patients previously treated with long-term antiresorptive therapy using…
Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial
CONTEXT: Despite decades of use and considerable research, the role of estrogen alone in preventing chronic diseases in postmenopausal women…
Smoking, coffee, and pancreatitis
OBJECTIVES: We studied relationships of cigarette smoking and coffee drinking to risk of pancreatitis. METHODS: This was a cohort study…
Excess gains in weight and waist circumference associated with childbearing: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA)
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of childbearing with weight and waist circumference (WC) changes, we compared women with and without…
Phytoestrogen supplements for the treatment of hot flashes: the Isoflavone Clover Extract (ICE) Study: a randomized controlled trial
CONTEXT: Clinical trials demonstrating increased risk of cardiovascular disease and breast cancer among women randomized to hormone replacement therapy have…
Hormone replacement therapy and risk for foot, distal forearm, proximal humerus, and pelvis fractures
This case-control epidemiologic study examines the relationship between hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and risk for fractures of four sites among…
Endogenous hormones and bone turnover markers in pre- and perimenopausal women: SWAN
We tested the hypothesis that higher serum osteocalcin and urinary N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) concentrations would be found…
Metabolic predictors of 5-year change in weight and waist circumference in a triethnic population: the insulin resistance atherosclerosis study
Insulin resistance, insulin secretion, and glucose tolerance may predict weight change. A total of 1,194 adults aged 39-69 years at…
Body mass index and colon cancer: an evaluation of the modifying effects of estrogen (United States)
OBJECTIVE: The association between body mass index (BMI) and colon cancer has been reported to be different for men and…
Thyroid hormone use and the risk of hip fracture in women > or = 65 years: a case-control study
BACKGROUND: There is controversy about whether thyroid hormone therapy may lead to osteoporosis, and less is known about the clinically…
Differences in resting metabolic rate between white and African-American young adults
OBJECTIVE: A reported lower resting metabolic rate (RMR) in African-American women than in white women could explain the higher prevalence…
Factor analysis of metabolic syndrome using directly measured insulin sensitivity: The Insulin Resistance Atherosclerosis Study
Factor analysis, a multivariate correlation technique, has been used to provide insight into the underlying structure of metabolic syndrome, which…
Reversal by medical treatment of endometrial hyperplasia caused by estrogen replacement therapy
OBJECTIVE: Endometrial hyperplasia, an entity considered a precursor to endometrial carcinoma, frequently develops in women receiving unopposed estrogens. Progestins used…
Hormone replacement therapy is associated with better glycemic control in women with type 2 diabetes: The Northern California Kaiser Permanente Diabetes Registry
OBJECTIVE: In women with diabetes, the changes that accompany menopause may further diminish glycemic control. Little is known about how…
Concomitant medication use in postmenopausal women using estrogen therapy
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether long-term postmenopausal estrogen therapy is associated with use of other prescription medications. METHODS: Using computer pharmacy…
Does the pattern of postpartum weight change differ according to pregravid body size?
OBJECTIVES: To examine differences in the pattern of weight changes during and after pregnancy among four pregravid body mass index…
Risk for fracture in women with low serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone
BACKGROUND: Biochemical evidence of hyperthyroidism may be associated with low bone mass, particularly in older postmenopausal women, but no prospective…
Invited commentary: low cholesterol and nonartherosclerotic disease risk: a persistently perplexing question
In contrast to clinical trials using statin drugs, which suggest that cholesterol lowering from high to moderate levels is safe,…
Hormone replacement therapy and improved survival among postmenopausal women diagnosed with colon cancer (USA)
OBJECTIVES: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been inversely associated with colon cancer incidence in several epidemiologic studies. In this study…
Differences in calcium metabolism between black and white men and women
To determine whether environmental factors influence racial differences in calcium metabolism, the authors evaluated the influence of three factors (season,…
Seven-year changes in physical fitness, physical activity, and lipid profile in the CARDIA study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
PURPOSE: To relate seven year changes in physical fitness and physical activity in the young adult population to changes in…
Cohort study of serum total cholesterol and in-hospital incidence of infectious diseases
A multiethnic cohort of adult members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program (55300 men and 65271 women) was followed…
Environmental and behavioral determinants of fasting plasma glucose in women. A matched co-twin analysis
Comparing results of an unmatched analysis in a sample of unrelated persons created by randomly selecting one twin from each…
Thinness and mortality
The relationship of thinness to mortality was examined in White adult members of the Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program who…
