Zhu, Yeyi
Interests include developmental origins of childhood obesity and fetal growth
Lo, Joan C.
Research interests center on endocrinologic conditions related to women’s health.
Marshall, Cassondra (Cassie)
Research interests include preconception care and health care disparities.
Avalos, Lyndsay
Interests include reproductive and perinatal epidemiology and perinatal depression.
Ferrara, Assiamira
Research interests include the epidemiology of diabetes and gestational diabetes.
Understanding the risk of ectopic pregnancies among people seeking abortion: a retrospective case control study
This study aims to assess the incidence of ectopic pregnancy among people wanting pregnancy compared to people seeking abortion. The…
Standardized ultrasound-based risk stratification for detection of ovarian cancer
This project, initiated in 2014, led to the development and large-scale implementation of a system for risk stratifying ovarian abnormalities…
Design of the Association of Uterine Perforation and Expulsion of IUD (APEX-IUD) Study: A Multisite Retrospective Cohort Study
Intrauterine devices are effective and safe, long-acting reversible contraceptives, but the risk of uterine perforation occurs with an estimated incidence…
Understanding Barriers to Reproductive Health Care among Women with Autism Spectrum Disorder
This project will examine both reproductive health disparities and OB/GYN health care gaps for 2300 adolescent and adult women with…
Why Do Epidemiologic Studies Find an Inverse Association Between Intraprostatic Inflammation and Prostate Cancer: A Possible Role for Colliding Bias?
Inflammation is an emerging risk factor for prostate cancer based largely on evidence from animal models and histopathologic observations. However,…
Implementation of a Multidisciplinary Expert Testicular Cancer Tumor Board Across a Large Integrated Healthcare Delivery System Via Early Case Ascertainment
In 2016, Kaiser Permanente Northern California began regionalizing testicular cancer care using population-based tumor board review. This mixed methods evaluation…
Associations between Prediagnostic Concentrations of Circulating Sex Steroid Hormones and Liver Cancer Among Post-Menopausal Women
In almost all countries, incidence rates of liver cancer (LC) are 100%-200% higher in males than in females. However, this…
Changes in Days of Unhealthy Alcohol Use and Antiretroviral Therapy Adherence, HIV RNA Levels, and Condomless Sex: A Secondary Analysis of Clinical Trial Data
In a sample of people with HIV (PWH) enrolled in an alcohol intervention trial and followed for 12 months, we examined…
Prediction of Occult Uterine Sarcoma prior to Hysterectomy for Women with Leiomyoma or Abnormal Bleeding
To develop a risk prediction model for occult uterine sarcoma using preoperative clinical characteristics in women undergoing hysterectomy for presumed…
Prediagnosis social support, social integration, living status, and colorectal cancer mortality in postmenopausal women from the women’s health initiative
We evaluated associations between perceived social support, social integration, living alone, and colorectal cancer (CRC) outcomes in postmenopausal women. The…
Lights on MsFLASH: a review of contributions
The Menopause Strategies: Finding Lasting Answers for Symptoms and Health clinical trials network was funded by the National Institutes of…
The Effect of Gestational Weight Gain Across Reproductive History on Maternal Body Mass Index in Midlife: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
Background: Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is common and has been shown to be associated with increased long-term maternal weight.…
Sexual function, menopausal symptoms, depression and cancer worry in women with BRCA mutations
Assess sexual function, menopausal symptoms, and depression in women with BRCA mutations associated with oophorectomy and menopause status. Women age…
Serum bone markers and risk of osteoporosis and fragility fractures in women who received endocrine therapy for breast cancer: a prospective study
Osteoporosis and fragility fracture are major bone toxicities of aromatase inhibitors (AIs) for postmenopausal hormone receptor-positive breast cancer. Except for…
Outcomes of Robotic Hysterectomy for Treatment of Benign Conditions: Influence of Patient Complexity
Robotic hysterectomy may offer advantages for complex cases over the conventional laparoscopic approach. To assess the association of surgical approach…
Identifying and Prioritizing Chemicals with Uncertain Burden of Exposure: Opportunities for Biomonitoring and Health-Related Research
The National Institutes of Health's Environmental influences on Child Health Outcomes (ECHO) initiative aims to understand the impact of environmental…
Near Real-Time Surveillance to Assess the Safety of the 9-Valent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine
Human papillomavirus is the most common sexually transmitted infection in the United States and causes certain anogenital and oropharyngeal cancers.…
Haloperidol and Prostate Cancer Prevention: More Epidemiologic Research Needed
The antipsychotic drug haloperidol has antiproliferative and growth-inhibiting properties on prostate cancer cell lines in vitro by binding the sigma…
Facebook advertising for recruitment of midlife women with bothersome vaginal symptoms: A pilot study
The MsFLASH (Menopause Strategies: Finding Lasting Answers for Symptoms and Health) Network recruited into five randomized clinical trials (n = 100-350) through…
Fetal Programming of Growth and Obesity: A Metabolomics Approach
This proposal uses a novel holistic framework that leverages both targeted and untargeted metabolomics approach, electronic health records data, and…
Sex and Race/Ethnicity-specific Multilevel Factors Influencing Pubertal Trajectories: A Population-based Study
The goal of this project is to describe the normative distributions of pubertal development among boys and girls by race/ethnicity…
PQ3 Cutaneous Squamous Cell Carcinoma: Integrating Germline and Somatic Alterations that Underlie Tumor Progression
The goal of this proposal is to compare tumor versus normal samples of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma in a large…
Depot Medroxyprogesterone Acetate, Oral Contraceptive, Intrauterine Device Use, and Fracture Risk
To assess fracture risk among women with depot medroxyprogesterone acetate (DMPA), oral contraceptive pill (OCP), and intrauterine device (IUD) use.…
Longitudinal study of age of menarche in association with childhood concentrations of persistent organic pollutants
Age at female puberty is associated with adult morbidities, including breast cancer and diabetes. Hormonally active chemicals are suspected of…
Trichomonas vaginalis infection and prostate-specific antigen concentration: Insights into prostate involvement and prostate disease risk.
BACKGROUND: The protist Trichomonas vaginalis causes a common, sexually transmitted infection and has been proposed to contribute to the development…
Sexual frequency and pain in a randomized clinical trial of vaginal estradiol tablets, moisturizer, and placebo in postmenopausal women
To evaluate the efficacy of two common interventions for bothersome postmenopausal vaginal symptoms on improving sexual frequency and pain. This…
Understanding periviable birth: A microeconomic alternative to the dysregulation narrative
Periviable infants (i.e., those born in the 20th through 26th weeks of gestation) suffer much morbidity and approximately half die…
Predictors of Long-Term Survival among High-Grade Serous Ovarian Cancer Patients
Relatively little is known about factors associated with long-term survival (LTS) following a diagnosis of ovarian cancer. We conducted a…
Barriers to preexposure prophylaxis use among individuals with recently acquired HIV infection in Northern California
Barriers to HIV preexposure prophylaxis (PrEP) use have not been well-characterized in people who became HIV-infected, all of whom could…
Reproductive period and risk of dementia in a diverse cohort of health care members
Women have >50% greater lifetime risk of dementia than men but the role of female-specific endocrine milieu is not well-understood.…
Maternal Gestational Weight Gain, Obesity, and the Timing of Pubertal Onset in Daughters
Early puberty is associated with adverse health outcomes, but little is known regarding early life determinants influencing pubertal timing. We…
Changes in body composition and weight during the menopause transition
The relation between the menopause transition (MT) and changes in body composition or weight remains uncertain. We hypothesized that, independent…
Long-term follow-up of pediatric open and laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair
Pediatric laparoscopic inguinal hernia repair is not widely accepted. Children 0-14 years who underwent inguinal hernia repair during 2010-2016 at Kaiser…
Pill, patch, or ring? A mixed methods analysis of provider counseling about combined hormonal contraception
In this study we aimed to investigate the content and process of contraceptive counseling surrounding combined hormonal contraceptive (CHC) methods…
Bisphenol A Exposure and Sperm ACHE Hydroxymethylation in Men
Exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) has been shown to impact human sperm quality. The epigenetic mechanisms underlying the effect remain…
Identification and validation of uterine perforation, intrauterine device expulsion, and breastfeeding in four health care systems with electronic health records
To validate algorithms identifying uterine perforations and intrauterine device (IUD) expulsions and to ascertain availability of breastfeeding status at the…
The Association of Polycystic Ovary Syndrome and Gestational Hypertensive Disorders in a Diverse Community-Based Cohort
To examine the association of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and pregnancy-induced hypertension (PIH) within a large population of pregnant women…
Study on the Association of Uterine Perforation and IUD expulsion With Breastfeeding Status at the Time of IUD insertion and Postpartum Timing of IUD Insertion in Electronic Medical Record Databases – A Post-marketing Requirement for Mirena
The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has required Bayer AG to conduct a post-marketing study in the U.S. to determine…
Adolescent and Young Adult Female Cancer Survivors – Cancer Experience Survey
This study aims to: 1) assess reproductive intentions and receipt of fertility counseling or preservation in relation to post-diagnosis birth…
Incidence and Trend of Ectopic Pregnancy and Contraceptive Use
Incidence and management of ectopic pregnancy have undergone significant changes in recent decades. There is a general consensus that available…
Genetic variation in the SIM1 locus is associated with erectile dysfunction
Erectile dysfunction affects millions of men worldwide. Twin studies support the role of genetic risk factors underlying erectile dysfunction, but…
Contraception after Abortion and Risk of Repeated Unintended Pregnancy among Health Plan Members
Optimizing access to effective contraception at the time of abortion can reduce repeated unintended pregnancies. To assess contraception initiation and…
Use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs during pregnancy and the risk of miscarriage
Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs are among the medications most widely used by pregnant women, and previous studies have reported an increased…
Association of Bisphenol A Exposure with LINE-1 Hydroxymethylation in Human Semen
Bisphenol A (BPA), an exogenous endocrine-disrupting chemical, has been shown to alter DNA methylation. However, little information is available about…
Cardiorespiratory Fitness, Exercise Hemodynamics and Birth Outcomes: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Determine associations of cardiorespiratory fitness, exercise systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate recovery (HRR) following a maximal exercise test…
Effect of Maternal Influenza Vaccination during Pregnancy on Risk of Infant Influenza
This project has three major aims: 1) to examine whether influenza vaccination during pregnancy prevents influenza and other respiratory infections…
Scientific abstracts featured research at the 2018 North American Forum on Family Planning
The Society of Family Planning (SFP), Planned Parenthood Federation of America (PPFA), and the Association of Reproductive Health Professionals (ARHP)…
The Relationship Between Prescription Copayments and Contraceptive Adherence in a New-user Cohort
Contraceptive nonadherence is an important contributor to unintended pregnancy in the United States. While the elimination of patient cost sharing…
Associations Between Maternal Obesity and Pregnancy Hyperglycemia and Timing of Pubertal Onset in Adolescent Girls: A Population-Based Study
Early puberty is associated with adverse health outcomes. We investigated whether in utero exposure to maternal obesity is associated with…
Maternal sedentary behavior during pre-pregnancy and early pregnancy and mean offspring birth size: a cohort study
Sedentary behavior is associated with adverse health outcomes in the general population. Whether sedentary behavior during pregnancy is associated with…
Sustained influence of infections on prostate-specific antigen concentration: An analysis of changes over 10 years of follow-up.
BACKGROUND: To extend our previous observation of a short-term rise in prostate-specific antigen (PSA) concentration, a marker of prostate inflammation…
Large-Scale Implementation of Structured Reporting of Adnexal Masses on Ultrasound
The aim of this article is to describe the development and implementation of structured reporting of adnexal mass findings on…
Association between paternal alcohol consumption before conception and anogenital distance of offspring
There are limited studies on the effects of paternal alcohol consumption, before conception, on the reproductive development of offspring. Anogenital…
Predictors of Follow-Up Visits Post Radical Prostatectomy.
Long-term follow-up care among prostate cancer patients is important as biochemical recurrence can occur many years after diagnosis, with 20%-30%…
Exploring young women’s decisional needs for contraceptive method choice: A qualitative study
Assisting women with choosing contraceptive methods that meet their needs and preferences is essential to providing patient-centered care, but research…
Early Detection of Obstetric Complications: Development of Predictive Models Suitable for Real-Time Surveillance During Labor, Delivery, and the Postpartum Period
This is a feasibility study to determine whether data from Kaiser Permanente HealthConnect® can be harnessed to predict obstetric complications…
Autism spectrum disorder and birth spacing: Findings from the study to explore early development (SEED)
Previous studies of autism spectrum disorder (ASD) and birth spacing had limitations; few examined phenotypic case subtypes or explored underlying…
Exposure to Magnetic Field Non-Ionizing Radiation and the Risk of Miscarriage: A Prospective Cohort Study
Magnetic field (MF) non-ionizing radiation is widespread and everyone is exposed to some degree. This prospective cohort study of 913…
Autism risk classification using placental chorionic surface vascular network features
Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) is one of the fastest-growing developmental disorders in the United States. It was hypothesized that variations…
Clinical Pregnancy Outcomes in Adolescent and Young Adult Female Cancer Survivors
Post-diagnosis fertility is a critical issue for adolescent and young adult cancer survivors (diagnosed at age 15 to 39 years),…
Opportunities to Reduce Diabetes Risk in Women of Reproductive Age: Assessment and Treatment of Prediabetes within a Large Integrated Delivery System
Preventing diabetes before pregnancy may be important to improve maternal and infant outcomes. Although the preconception period is a crucial…
Urine leakage during sexual activity among ethnically diverse, community-dwelling middle-aged and older women
Urinary incontinence is associated with decreased female sexual function, but little is known about the prevalence, predictors, and impact of…
Maternal and Paternal Infertility Disorders and Treatments and Autism Spectrum Disorder: Findings from the Study to Explore Early Development
Previous studies of associations between ASD and conception using assisted reproductive technology (ART) are inconsistent and few studies have examined…
Age at Pubertal Onset in Girls and Tobacco Smoke Exposure during Pre- and Post-natal Susceptibility Windows
Tobacco smoke contains known hormonally active chemicals and reproductive toxicants. Several studies have examined prenatal maternal smoking and offspring age…
Healthy Lifestyle During Early Pregnancy and Risk of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Previous studies have found associations between individual healthy behaviors and reduced risk of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM); however, the association…
Anti-Müllerian hormone, follicle stimulating hormone, antral follicle count, and risk of menopause within 5 years
To evaluate the ability of concentration of anti-Müllerian hormone (AMH), antral follicle count (AFC), and concentration of follicle stimulating hormone…
Peripubertal dietary flavonol and lignan intake and age at menarche in a longitudinal cohort of girls
BackgroundDietary phytoestrogens may alter hormonal activity in childhood. Flavonols and lignans are the most prevalent phytoestrogens in the Western diet.…
Urinary bisphenol A and pubertal development in Chinese school-aged girls: a cross-sectional study
Animal studies suggest that bisphenol A (BPA) may perturb pubertal development in females. However, evidence from human studies is limited.…
Impact of body mass index on ovarian cancer survival varies by stage
Research on the effect of body mass index (BMI) on ovarian cancer survival is inconsistent, but previous studies did not…
Minimally Invasive Hysterectomy and Power Morcellation Trends in a West Coast Integrated Health System
To examine trends in minimally invasive hysterectomy and power morcellation use over time and associated clinical characteristics. We conducted a…
Are Health Plan Design and Prior Use of Long-Acting Reversible Contraception Associated with Pregnancy Intention?
In 2007, high-deductible plans were added to the primarily nondeductible Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) integrated health plan, which had…
Weight fluctuation and cancer risk in post-menopausal women: The Women’s Health Initiative
Background: Weight cycling, defined by an intentional weight loss and subsequent regain, commonly occurs in overweight and obese women and…
Shared decision making in contraceptive counseling
Shared decision making (SDM) is a potentially valuable but underexplored approach to contraceptive counseling. We determined the correlation between patient…
Maternal healthy lifestyle during early pregnancy and offspring birthweight: differences by offspring sex
PURPOSE: Individual maternal lifestyle factors during pregnancy have been associated with offspring birthweight; however, associations of combined lifestyle factors with…
Over-the-Counter Access to Oral Contraceptives for Adolescents
Oral contraceptives (OCs) are used by millions of women in the U.S. The requirement to obtain OCs by prescription from…
Multiethnic Study of Breast Arterial Calcium Gradation and CVD
Specific study aims are: 1) To establish a multi-ethnic cohort between the ages of 60 and 79 years with equal…
Pregnancy-Related Risk Factors and Glucose Intolerance in Women during Midlife
This is an ancillary study to the CARDIA Study, a multi-center longitudinal study of 5,115 black and white women and…
Incidence of Osteoporosis and Abnormal Lipid Profiles in Women Over Age 40, Who Test Positive for a BRCA1 or BRCA2 Mutation and Have Had a Risk-Reducing Salpingo-oophorectomy
This cohort study will use DXA scans to: 1) establish the incidence of abnormal DXA scans in women post testing…
Kaiser Permanente PROSPR Cervical Cancer Prevention and Screening (CCaPS) Center
The purpose of this project is to expand PROSPR's activities related to screening women for cervical cancer. PROSPR is the…
Collection of Discarded Cervical Cancer Screening Specimens
Despite HPV vaccines, screening will remain central for decades to control cervical cancer. Recently, HPV testing alone or with cytology…
HPV Impact Typing Study (HiTS) part II, 2015-2017
This is a follow-up study of of a previous study which evaluated HPV type prevalence in residual cervical specimens from…
Risk of Uterine Perforation among Women Using different types of IUDs and the Association with Timing of Insertion and Breastfeeding
The goal of the study is to compare the incidence of uterine perforation within 12 months after IUD insertion between:…
Provider self-disclosure during contraceptive counseling
Provider self-disclosure (PSD) - defined as providers making statements regarding personal information to patients - has not been well characterized…
Patient perceptions of a decision support tool to assist with young women’s contraceptive choice
Contraceptive decision support tools (DSTs) have been suggested as a way to provide patient-centered contraceptive care, but little is known…
Engaging At-Risk Minority Women in Health System Diabetes Prevention Programs
The potential for efficacious lifestyle interventions to prevent type 2 diabetes hinges on patient engagement in real-world healthcare settings. Yet…
Contraceptive Clinical Trials Network – DUPLICATED DO NOT ACTIVATE
The NICHD Contraceptive Clinical Trials Network (CCTN) will consist of up to 16 sites capable of performing female contraceptive clinical…
WHI Cancer Survivor Cohort
The primary goal of this research project is to create an infrastructure within WHI to build a resource for the…
Appropriate Gestational Weight Gain in Overweight/Obese Women
Among overweight/obese pregnant women, we propose to develop and evaluate a randomized diet and physical activity intervention tailored to mothers…
MsFLASH: Living a Healthy Menopause
The aims of this study are: 1) Conduct a 4-arm, double-blind, placebo-controlled randomized trial among postmenopausal women with vaginitis symptoms…
Plan B 1.5 Actual Use Emergency Contraception Study
Guidance on the use of data collected for the clinical trial of Protocol DR-LEV-302 for clinical audits with the sponsor,…
Contraceptive Clinical Trials Network
The NICHD Contraceptive Clinical Trials Network (CCTN) will consist of up to 16 sites capable of performing female contraceptive clinical…
Proximity to major roadways and prospectively-measured time-to-pregnancy and infertility.
We aimed to study the potential impact of proximity to major roadways on time-to-pregnancy and infertility in couples attempting pregnancy…
Multiethnic Study of Breast Arterial Calcium Gradation and CVD – DUPLICATED DO NOT ACTIVATE
To establish a multi-ethnic cohort (n=5,400) between the ages of 60 and 79 years with equal representation of white (n=1,350;…
Study of Womens Health Across the Nation (SWAN): UC Davis and Kaiser Permanente
The objective of this project is to follow a large multi-ethnic sample of premenopausal women through the menopausal transition, in…
Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus following Gestational Diabetes Pregnancy in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
This study examines gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) and the risk of type 2…
Gravidity is not associated with telomere length in a biracial cohort of middle-aged women: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study
Having experienced 2-3 births is associated with reduced mortality versus women with
Genome-wide alteration in DNA hydroxymethylation in the sperm from bisphenol A-exposed men
Environmental BPA exposure has been shown to impact human sperm concentration and motility, as well as rodent spermatogenesis. However, it…
Associations of urinary phthalate and phenol biomarkers with menarche in a multiethnic cohort of young girls
To study potential environmental influences on puberty in girls, we investigated urinary biomarkers in relation to age at menarche. Phenols…
Genome-wide analysis identifies 12 loci influencing human reproductive behavior
The genetic architecture of human reproductive behavior-age at first birth (AFB) and number of children ever born (NEB)-has a strong…
Deep sequencing of HPV16 genomes: A new high-throughput tool for exploring the carcinogenicity and natural history of HPV16 infection
For unknown reasons, there is huge variability in risk conferred by different HPV types and, remarkably, strong differences even between…
Urinary N-Telopeptide and Rate of Bone Loss Over the Menopause Transition and Early Postmenopause
The purpose of this study was to assess the ability of urinary N-telopeptide (U-NTX) to gauge rate of bone loss…
Residential proximity to traffic and female pubertal development
Traffic-related air pollution (TRAP) has been linked with several adverse health outcomes, including preterm birth and low birth weight, which…
Experience With Opportunistic Salpingectomy in a Large, Community-Based Health System in the United States
To evaluate the trend in uptake of salpingectomy at the time of hysterectomy and assess physicians' attitudes toward the practice.…
Dual energy X-ray absorptiometry spine scans to determine abdominal fat in postmenopausal women
Body composition may be a better predictor of chronic disease risk than body mass index (BMI) in older populations.OBJECTIVES:We sought…
Associations Between Maternal Pregravid Obesity and Gestational Diabetes and the Timing of Pubarche in Daughters
We investigated whether in utero exposure to maternal pregravid obesity and/or gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) was associated with early puberty…
Telephone-Based Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia in Perimenopausal and Postmenopausal Women With Vasomotor Symptoms: A MsFLASH Randomized Clinical Trial
Effective, practical, nonpharmacologic therapies are needed to treat menopause-related insomnia symptoms in primary and women's specialty care settings. To evaluate…
The role of human papillomavirus (HPV) genotyping in cervical cancer screening: A large-scale evaluation of the cobas HPV test
The cobas?HPV Test ("cobas", Roche Molecular Systems) detects HPV16 and HPV18 individually, and a pool of 12 other high-risk (HR)…
Development of a Brief Questionnaire to Assess Contraceptive Intent
We sought to develop and validate an instrument that can enable providers to identify young women who may be at…
Preterm Delivery and Metabolic Syndrome in Women Followed From Prepregnancy Through 25 Years Later
To investigate whether women who deliver preterm have excess risk for metabolic dysregulation independent of prepregnancy factors. We conducted a…
Reproductive Risk Factors and Coronary Heart Disease in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study
Reproductive factors provide an early window into a woman's coronary heart disease (CHD) risk; however, their contribution to CHD risk…
Thyroid Hormones and Timing of Pubertal Onset in a Longitudinal Cohort of Females, Northern California, 2006-11
Pubertal timing is regulated by a complex interplay of hormones. Few studies have evaluated the role of thyroid hormones in…
Is heart rate variability associated with frequency and intensity of vasomotor symptoms among healthy perimenopausal and postmenopausal women?
Research has suggested that the autonomic nervous system (ANS) is involved in the experience of vasomotor symptoms (VMS) during menopause.…
Infectious mononucleosis, other infections and prostate-specific antigen concentration as a marker of prostate involvement during infection.
Although Epstein-Barr virus has been detected in prostate tissue, no associations have been observed with prostate cancer in the few…
CYP24A1 variant modifies the association between use of oestrogen plus progestogen therapy and colorectal cancer risk
Menopausal hormone therapy (MHT) use has been consistently associated with a decreased risk of colorectal cancer (CRC) in women. Our…
Maternal Leisure Time Physical Activity and Infant Birth Size
BACKGROUND: Associations of maternal leisure time physical activity with birth size are inconsistent. Roles of infant sex and maternal prepregnancy…
Occult Uterine Sarcoma and Leiomyosarcoma: Incidence of and Survival Associated With Morcellation
To estimate the incidence of occult uterine sarcoma and leiomyosarcoma in hysterectomies for leiomyomas and the risk associated with their…
Predictors of impact of vaginal symptoms in postmenopausal women
This study aims to identify factors associated with greater impact of vaginal symptoms on the functioning and well-being of postmenopausal…
Associations of Early and Late Gestational Weight Gain with Infant Birth Size
OBJECTIVES: Associations of gestational weight gain (GWG) during specific periods of pregnancy with infant birth size have been inconsistent. Infant…
Relationship between self-reported residential indoor remodeling and semen quality: a case-control study
The present study examined the association between residential indoor remodeling and poor semen quality. Sperm donors aged 18-45 years old…
Thyroid Hormones and Moderate Exposure to Perchlorate during Pregnancy in Women in Southern California
Findings from national surveys suggest that everyone in the US is exposed to perchlorate. At high doses, perchlorate, thiocyanate, and…
Associations between Bisphenol A Exposure and Reproductive Hormones among Female Workers
The associations between Bisphenol-A (BPA) exposure and reproductive hormone levels among women are unclear. A cross-sectional study was conducted among…
Overweight, Obesity, and Postmenopausal Invasive Breast Cancer Risk: A Secondary Analysis of the Women’s Health Initiative Randomized Clinical Trials
More than two-thirds of US women are overweight or obese, placing them at increased risk for postmenopausal breast cancer. To…
Pooled Analysis of Six Pharmacologic and Nonpharmacologic Interventions for Vasomotor Symptoms
To describe the effects of six interventions for menopausal vasomotor symptoms relative to control in a pooled analysis, facilitating translation…
Effects of estrogen and venlafaxine on menopause-related quality of life in healthy postmenopausal women with hot flashes: a placebo-controlled randomized trial
This study aims to evaluate the effects of low-dose estradiol (E2) or venlafaxine on menopause-related quality of life and associated…
The Association Between Influenza Vaccination and Other Preventative Health Behaviors in a Cohort of Pregnant Women
Although pregnant women are a high-priority group for seasonal influenza vaccination, vaccination rates in this population remain below target levels.…
Factors Associated with Seasonal Influenza Vaccination in Pregnant Women
This observational study followed a cohort of pregnant women during the 2010-2011 influenza season to determine factors associated with vaccination.…
Serum 25 Hydroxyvitamin D, Bone Mineral Density and Fracture Risk Across the Menopause
Low levels of serum 25 Hydroxyvitamin D [25(OH)D] have been linked to greater fracture risk in older women. This study…
Reproductive health outcomes of insured adolescent and adult women who access oral levonorgestrel emergency contraception
To assess the level of risk for adolescents and women who seek emergency contraception through various clinical routes and the…
Breastfeeding Versus Formula-Feeding and Girls’ Pubertal Development
To examine the association of breastfeeding or its duration with timing of girls' pubertal onset, and the role of BMI…
The association between dietary inflammatory index and risk of colorectal cancer among postmenopausal women: results from the Women’s Health Initiative
Inflammation is a process central to carcinogenesis and in particular to colorectal cancer (CRC). Previously, we developed a dietary inflammatory…
Day-to-Day Impact of Vaginal Aging questionnaire: a multidimensional measure of the impact of vaginal symptoms on functioning and well-being in postmenopausal women
This study aims to develop a self-report questionnaire assessing the impact of vaginal dryness, soreness, itching, irritation, and pain on…
A STUDY OF GENOTYPING FOR THE MANAGEMENT OF HUMAN PAPILLOMAVIRUS-POSITIVE, CYTOLOGY-NEGATIVE CERVICAL SCREENING RESULTS
The effective management of women with human papillomavirus (HPV)-positive, cytology-negative results is critical to the introduction of HPV testing into…
Bringing patients’ social context into the examination room: an investigation of the discussion of social influence during contraceptive counseling
Although social networks are an increasingly recognized influence on contraceptive use, little is known about if and how social influences…
Genital herpes and its treatment in relation to preterm delivery
To examine the risks of genital herpes and antiherpes treatment during pregnancy in relation to preterm delivery (PTD), we conducted…
The Impact of Multimorbidity on Sexual Function in Middle-Aged and Older Women: Beyond the Single Disease Perspective
Little is known about sexual activity and function in women with multiple chronic health conditions. To examine the impact of…
Volume and Type of Alcohol During Early Pregnancy and the Risk of Miscarriage
Research on alcohol consumption during pregnancy and miscarriage spans over three decades, yet the relationship is still not well-understood. To…
Risk of Cardiovascular Disease Among Postmenopausal Women with Prior Pregnancy Loss: The Women’s Health Initiative
Metabolic, hormonal, and hemostatic changes associated with pregnancy loss (stillbirth and miscarriage) may contribute to the development of cardiovascular disease…
Low-Dose Estradiol and the Serotonin-Norepinephrine Reuptake Inhibitor Venlafaxine for Vasomotor Symptoms: A Randomized Clinical Trial
Estrogen therapy is the gold standard treatment for hot flashes and night sweats, but some women are unable or unwilling…
Efficacy of exercise for menopausal symptoms: a randomized controlled trial
This study aims to determine the efficacy of exercise training for alleviating vasomotor and other menopausal symptoms. Late perimenopausal and…
Gestational weight gain and neonatal adiposity in the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study-North American region
OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between gestational weight gain (GWG) exceeding Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines and neonatal adiposity in…
Menopausal Quality of Life: A RCT of Yoga, Exercise and Omega-3 Supplements
The purpose of this study was to determine the efficacy of 3 nonhormonal therapies for the improvement of menopause-related quality…
Effectiveness of seasonal trivalent influenza vaccine for preventing influenza virus illness among pregnant women: a population-based case-control study during the 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 influenza seasons
Although vaccination with trivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (TIV) is recommended for all pregnant women, no vaccine effectiveness (VE) studies of…
Ovarian cancer rates after hysterectomy with and without salpingo-oophorectomy
To estimate ovarian and peritoneal cancer rates after hysterectomy with and without salpingo-oophorectomy for benign conditions. All patients after hysterectomy…
Feasibility and acceptability of a novel, computerized screening and brief intervention (SBI) for alcohol and sweetened beverage use in pregnancy
Recommended screening and brief intervention (SBI) for alcohol use during pregnancy is impeded by high patient loads and limited resources…
Prepregnancy SHBG Concentrations and Risk for Subsequently Developing Gestational Diabetes Mellitus
Lower levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG) have been associated with increased risk of diabetes among postmenopausal women; however, it…
LINE-1 hypomethylation in spermatozoa is associated with Bisphenol A exposure
Bisphenol A (BPA) is an endocrine disruptor with potentially harmful effects on humans. However, epigenetic mechanisms that modulate the effects…
Methods for the design of vasomotor symptom trials: the Menopausal Strategies: Finding Lasting Answers to Symptoms and Health network
This report describes the Menopausal Strategies: Finding Lasting Answers to Symptoms and Health network and methodological issues addressed in designing…
Onset of Breast Development in a Longitudinal Cohort
There is growing evidence of pubertal maturation occurring at earlier ages, with many studies based on cross-sectional observations. This study…
Counseling and provision of long-acting reversible contraception in the US: National survey of nurse practitioners
Nurse practitioners (NPs) provide frontline care in women's health, including contraception, an essential preventive service. Their importance for contraceptive care…
Childbirth and female sexual function later in life
To examine relationships among parity, mode of delivery, and other parturition-related factors with women's sexual function later in life. Self-administered…
African American race but not genome-wide ancestry is negatively associated with atrial fibrillation among postmenopausal women in the Women’s Health Initiative
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common arrhythmia in women and is associated with higher rates of stroke and death.…
Evaluation of e-mail contact to conduct follow-up among adolescent women participating in a longitudinal cohort study of contraceptive use
The purpose of this study was to determine whether e-mail contact is a viable method for gathering information from adolescent…
Oral Contraceptive Use and the ECG: Evidence of an Adverse QT Effect on Corrected QT Interval
A prolonged corrected QT (QTc) interval is a marker for an increased risk of sudden cardiac death. We evaluated the…
Pregnancy Glycemia in Mexican-American Women Without Diabetes or Gestational Diabetes and Programming for Childhood Obesity
In the present study, we estimated the association between pregnancy glucose levels and offspring body mass index (BMI) z scores…
Prevalence and trends in the use of antipsychotic medications during pregnancy in the U.S., 2001-2007: a population-based study of 585,615 deliveries
This study aims to estimate the prevalence of and temporal trends in prenatal antipsychotic medication use within a cohort of…
Five-year risk of recurrence after treatment of CIN 2, CIN 3, or AIS: performance of HPV and Pap cotesting in posttreatment management
After excisional treatment, cervical intraepithelial neoplasia grade 2 or worse (CIN 2+) can recur. It is not clear how many…
Five-year risk of CIN 3+ to guide the management of women aged 21 to 24 years
Current US national guidelines recommend beginning screening at age 21 using Pap tests only, with cotesting starting at age 30.…
Five-year risks of CIN 3+ and cervical cancer among women with HPV testing of ASC-US Pap results
New screening guidelines recommend that human papillomavirus (HPV)-negative/atypical squamous cells of undetermined significance (ASC-US) results be considered as equivalent to…
Benchmarking CIN 3+ risk as the basis for incorporating HPV and Pap cotesting into cervical screening and management guidelines
In 2012, the US Preventive Services Task Force (USPSTF) and a consensus of 25 organizations endorsed concurrent cytology and human…
Invasive cervical cancer risk among HIV-infected women: A North American multi-cohort collaboration prospective study
OBJECTIVE: HIV infection and low CD4+ T-cell count are associated with an increased risk of persistent oncogenic human papillomavirus infection-the…
Five-year risks of CIN 2+ and CIN 3+ among women with HPV-positive and HPV-negative LSIL Pap results
Low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL) Pap results do not typically lead to human papillomavirus (HPV) testing. HPV triage is not…
Recent combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) and the risk of thromboembolism and other cardiovascular events in new users
BACKGROUND: Combined hormonal contraceptives (CHCs) place women at increased risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTEs) and arterial thrombotic events (ATEs),…
Prevalence, Trends, and Patterns of Use of Antidiabetic Medications Among Pregnant Women, 2001-2007
OBJECTIVE:: To describe the prevalence, trends, and patterns in use of antidiabetic medications to treat hyperglycemia and insulin resistance before…
With pills, patches, rings, and shots: who still uses condoms? A longitudinal cohort study
PURPOSE: To describe women's condom use patterns over time and assess predictors of dual method use 12 months after initiating…
Accelerated Cell Aging in Female APOE-epsilon4 Carriers: Implications for Hormone Therapy Use
Apolipoprotein-epsilon4 (APOE-epsilon4) is a major genetic risk factor for cognitive decline, Alzheimer's disease (AD) and early mortality. An accelerated rate…
Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis Screening at Intrauterine Device Insertion and Pelvic Inflammatory Disease
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between Neisseria gonorrhea and Chlamydia trachomatis screening strategies and risk of pelvic inflammatory disease (PID)…
A low-fat dietary pattern and risk of metabolic syndrome in postmenopausal women: The Women’s Health Initiative
OBJECTIVE: Nutrition plays an important role in metabolic syndrome etiology. We examined whether the Women's Health Initiative (WHI) Dietary Modification…
Bone resorption and fracture across the menopausal transition: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
OBJECTIVE: Bone turnover markers (BTMs) predict fracture in older women, whereas data on younger women are lacking. To test the…
Alcohol, tobacco and drug use as reasons for abortion
AIMS: Concern about the effects of alcohol and drug use during pregnancy is intertwined with debates about abortion. There is…
Ethnic variability in bone geometry as assessed by hip structure analysis: Findings from the hip strength across the menopausal transition study
Racial/ethnic origin plays an important role in fracture risk. Racial/ethnic differences in fracture rates cannot be fully explained by bone…
Vasomotor Symptoms and Insulin Resistance in the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
CONTEXT: Emerging research suggests links between menopausal hot flashes and cardiovascular disease risk. The mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear,…
Fecal Incontinence Decreases Sexual Quality of Life, But Does Not Prevent Sexual Activity in Women
BACKGROUND: The impact of anal incontinence on women's sexual function is poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was…
Risk of preterm delivery in non-diabetic women with polycystic ovarian syndrome
OBJECTIVE: To examine the risk and etiology of preterm delivery in women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). STUDY DESIGN: Retrospective…
Do Changes in Sex Steroid Hormones Precede or Follow Increases in Body Weight during the Menopause Transition? Results from The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
CONTEXT: Whether menopause-related changes in sex steroids account for midlife weight gain in women or whether weight drives changes in…
Effects of a dietary intervention and weight change on vasomotor symptoms in the Women’s Health Initiative
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine whether a dietary intervention designed to reduce fat intake and increase…
Prevalence of cervical insufficiency in polycystic ovarian syndrome
BACKGROUND: Pregnant women with polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS) experience a greater rate of adverse obstetrical outcomes compared with non-PCOS women.…
Sex Hormones and the QT Interval: A Review
A prolonged QT interval is a marker for an increased risk of ventricular tachyarrhythmias. Both endogenous and exogenous sex hormones…
Psychological stress and reproductive aging among pre-menopausal women
BACKGROUND: Life history models suggest that biological preparation for current versus longer term reproduction is favored in environments of adversity.…
Effect of escitalopram on insomnia symptoms and subjective sleep quality in healthy perimenopausal and postmenopausal women with hot flashes: a randomized controlled trial
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to determine the effect of escitalopram on insomnia symptoms and subjective sleep quality…
Diabetes mellitus and sexual function in middle-aged and older women
Diabetes mellitus is an established risk factor for sexual dysfunction in men, but its effect on female sexual function is…
Population-based study of erectile dysfunction and polypharmacy
Study Type - Symptom prevalence (population cohort). Level of Evidence 1b. What's known on the subject? and What does the…
Prepregnancy cardiometabolic and inflammatory risk factors and subsequent risk of hypertensive disorders of pregnancy
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to examine prepregnancy cardiometabolic and inflammatory markers and the subsequent risk of hypertensive…
Racial/Ethnic Disparities in the Prevalence of Gestational Diabetes by BMI
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether the association between gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and BMI category varies by racial/ethnic group. RESEARCH DESIGN…
Racial and ethnic differences in the prevalence of placenta previa
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study is to determine the prevalence of placenta previa among different racial and ethnic groups.…
A systematic review to calculate background miscarriage rates using life table analysis
The objectives of the current study were to calculate: (1) the expected rates of miscarriage by gestational week; (2) the…
Laboratory and ambulatory evaluation of vasomotor symptom monitors from the Menopause Strategies Finding Lasting Answers for Symptoms and Health network
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to evaluate monitors for assessing vasomotor symptoms (VMS) in laboratory and ambulatory settings…
Effect of Postdiagnosis Weight Change on Hot Flash Status Among Early-Stage Breast Cancer Survivors
PURPOSE: Hot flashes (HF) affect a large proportion of breast cancer (BC) survivors and can negatively affect their quality of…
Vasomotor Symptoms and Lipid Profiles in Women Transitioning Through Menopause
OBJECTIVE: To examine associations between vasomotor symptoms and lipids over 8 years, controlling for other cardiovascular risk factors, estradiol, and…
An Over-the-Counter Simulation Study of a Single-Tablet Emergency Contraceptive in Young Females
OBJECTIVES: To evaluate use of a single-tablet (levonorgestrel 1.5 mg) emergency contraceptive administered to young females under simulated over-the-counter conditions.…
Pregnancy during adolescence has lasting adverse effects on blood lipids: A 10-year longitudinal study of black and white females
BACKGROUND: Primiparity has been associated with 3 to 4 mg/dL lower high-density lipoprotein cholesterol concentrations in black and white adult…
Provision of Contraceptive Services to Women with Diabetes Mellitus
BACKGROUND: Women with diabetes mellitus who delay pregnancy until glycemic control is achieved experience lower rates of adverse pregnancy outcomes.…
Genetic variants and environmental factors associated with hormonal markers of ovarian reserve in Caucasian and African American women
BACKGROUND: The ovarian reserve (number and quality of oocytes) is correlated with reproductive potential as well as somatic health, and…
A characterization of the relationship of ovarian reserve markers with age
OBJECTIVE: To identify markers of ovarian age that best match the pattern of oocyte loss seen in histology specimens. DESIGN:…
The impact of the iPLEDGE program on isotretinoin fetal exposure in an integrated health care system
BACKGROUND: Preventing fetal exposure to isotretinoin is widely acknowledged as an important safety issue. The iPLEDGE program is the latest…
Reproductive and menstrual factors and risk of ductal carcinoma in situ of the breast in a cohort of postmenopausal women
PURPOSE: The contribution of menstrual and reproductive factors to risk of ductal carcinoma (DCIS) of the breast is poorly understood.…
Are vasomotor symptoms associated with alterations in hemostatic and inflammatory markers? Findings from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
OBJECTIVE: Emerging research suggests links between menopausal hot flashes and cardiovascular risk. The mechanisms underlying these associations are unclear due,…
Bone and the perimenopause
Loss of ovarian function has a profound impact on female skeletal health. Bone mineral density findings from the Study of…
Physical activity and health during the menopausal transition
The benefits of regular physical activity are well established, but evidence for a protective effect against the adverse health consequences…
Population-based ectopic pregnancy trends, 1993-2007
BACKGROUND: The accuracy of ectopic pregnancy rates based on nationally representative data has been compromised for many years, impairing surveillance…
Father absence, body mass index, and pubertal timing in girls: differential effects by family income and ethnicity
PURPOSE: Numerous studies show associations between father absence and girls' early puberty. However, most research has been retrospective, focused on…
Regular nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use and erectile dysfunction
PURPOSE: Previous data suggest a potential relationship between inflammation and erectile dysfunction. If it is causal, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug use…
Polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) exposure in mothers and time to pregnancy in daughters
Developmental exposure to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) disrupts reproduction in animals. Human data are lacking. We measured PCBs in preserved mothers'…
Vitamin D, pregnancy, breastfeeding, and postpartum multiple sclerosis relapses
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether low levels of 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) contribute to the increased risk of postpartum multiple sclerosis (MS)…
Socioeconomic status and polycystic ovary syndrome
BACKGROUND: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common metabolic-endocrine disorder in women and is associated with a number of metabolic…
Strategies for diabetes prevention before and after pregnancy in women with GDM
Interventions for lifestyle modification promoting weight loss and pharmacotherapy interventions for improving insulin sensitivity have been shown to be effective…
Adverse childhood experiences and repeat induced abortion
OBJECTIVE: The objective of the study was to characterize the backgrounds of women who have repeat abortions. STUDY DESIGN: In…
Efficacy of escitalopram for hot flashes in healthy menopausal women: a randomized controlled trial
CONTEXT: Concerns regarding the risks associated with estrogen and progesterone to manage menopausal symptoms have resulted in its declining use…
Timing of hormone therapy and dementia: the critical window theory revisited
OBJECTIVE: Although previous research has shown that initiation of postmenopausal estrogen hormone therapy (HT) in late life increases risk of…
Polycystic ovary syndrome and risk for long-term diabetes and dyslipidemia
To estimate whether women aged 20-32 years who fulfilled National Institutes of Health criteria for polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) would…
Pre-pregnancy stress reactivity and pregnancy outcome
Stress has been proposed as a cause of preterm birth (PTB) and small-for-gestational age (SGA), but stress does not have…
The polycystic ovary post-rotterdam: a common, age-dependent finding in ovulatory women without metabolic significance
INTRODUCTION: The age-specific prevalence of polycystic ovaries (PCO), as defined by the Rotterdam criteria, among normal ovulatory women, has not…
Antral follicle count: absence of significant midlife decline
OBJECTIVE: To examine the conventional wisdom that declines in antral follicle count accelerate after approximately 37 years of age, which…
Incidence of and risk factors for change in urinary incontinence status in a prospective cohort of middle-aged and older women: the reproductive risk of incontinence study in Kaiser
PURPOSE: Urinary incontinence is a dynamic condition that can progress and regress but few groups have examined risk factors for…
Pubertal assessment method and baseline characteristics in a mixed longitudinal study of girls
OBJECTIVES: The objective of this study was to describe the assessment methods and maturation status for a multisite cohort of…
Urinary incontinence, fecal incontinence and pelvic organ prolapse in a population-based, racially diverse cohort: prevalence and risk factors
OBJECTIVES: : We investigated the prevalence of and risk factors for combinations of urinary incontinence (UI), fecal incontinence (FI) and…
Increased risk of high-grade prostate cancer among infertile men
BACKGROUND: It has been reported that fatherhood status may be a risk factor for prostate cancer. In the current study,…
Association of adolescent obesity and lifetime nulliparity–the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether adolescent obesity is associated with difficulties in becoming pregnant later in life. DESIGN: Cross-sectional analysis of…
Pregnancy outcomes by pregnancy intention in a managed care setting
OBJECTIVES: Published studies show poor pregnancy outcomes associated with unintended pregnancies are disproportionately higher than in planned pregnancies and place…
Interferon-gamma-producing T cells, pregnancy, and postpartum relapses of multiple sclerosis
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether fluctuations in functional T-cell subsets can explain why multiple sclerosis (MS) relapses decline during pregnancy and…
Exposure to magnetic fields and the risk of poor sperm quality
We conducted a population-based case-control study among healthy sperm donors to study exposure to magnetic fields (MFs) and poor sperm…
Racial differences in pelvic organ prolapse
OBJECTIVE: To compare the estimated prevalence of, risk factors for, and level of bother associated with subjectively reported and objectively…
Racial disparities in erectile dysfunction among participants in the California Men’s Health Study
INTRODUCTION: The burden of erectile dysfunction (ED) among different racial and ethnic groups is unclear, in part, because prior studies…
Association between menopausal transition stages and developing urinary incontinence
OBJECTIVE: To estimate whether menopause transition stage is independently associated with the development of incontinence symptoms. METHODS: We conducted a…
Gains in body fat and vasomotor symptom reporting over the menopausal transition: the study of women’s health across the nation
Although most women report vasomotor symptoms (hot flashes, night sweats) during midlife, their etiology and risk factors are incompletely understood.…
Childbearing is associated with higher incidence of the metabolic syndrome among women of reproductive age controlling for measurements before pregnancy: the CARDIA study
OBJECTIVE: We sought to prospectively examine whether childbearing is associated with higher incidence of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) after delivery…
Sexual function and aging in racially and ethnically diverse women
OBJECTIVES: To examine factors influencing sexual activity and functioning in racially and ethnically diverse middle-aged and older women. DESIGN: Cross-sectional…
Maternal diet and risk of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia
OBJECTIVE: Intrauterine environmental factors, including maternal diet, may play an etiologic role in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), a common childhood…
Childbearing and obesity in women: weight before, during, and after pregnancy
Weight gain and the development of obesity during midlife are strong independent predictors of cardiovascular disease, particularly among women, as…
Lipid changes during the menopause transition in relation to age and weight: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
Few studies have prospectively examined lipid changes across the menopause transition or in relation to menopausal changes in endogenous hormones.…
Dietary change and reduced breast cancer events among women without hot flashes after treatment of early-stage breast cancer: subgroup analysis of the Women’s Healthy Eating and Living Study
BACKGROUND: A diet high in vegetables, fruit, and fiber and low in fat decreased additional risk of secondary breast cancer…
Biomarker-calibrated energy and protein consumption and increased cancer risk among postmenopausal women
The authors previously reported equations, derived from the Nutrient Biomarker Study within the Women's Health Initiative, that produce calibrated estimates…
Black-White differences in hysterectomy prevalence: the CARDIA study
OBJECTIVES: We evaluated the cross-sectional association between race and hysterectomy prevalence in a population-based cohort of US women and investigated…
Differences in reproductive risk factors for breast cancer in middle-aged women in Marin County, California and a sociodemographically similar area of Northern California
BACKGROUND: The Northern California county of Marin (MC) has historically had high breast cancer incidence rates. Because of MC's high…
Racial differences in self-reported infertility and risk factors for infertility in a cohort of black and white women: the CARDIA Women’s Study
OBJECTIVE: To determine racial differences in self-reported infertility and in risk factors for infertility in a cohort of black and…
Menstrual and reproductive factors in relation to mammographic density: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
Menstrual and reproductive factors may increase breast cancer risk through a pathway that includes increased mammographic density. We assessed whether…
Substance abuse treatment linked with prenatal visits improves perinatal outcomes: a new standard
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the impact of Early Start, an obstetric clinic-based prenatal substance abuse treatment program, on perinatal outcomes. STUDY…
Factors associated with worsening and improving urinary incontinence across the menopausal transition
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether the menopausal transition is associated with worsening of urinary incontinence symptoms over 6 years in midlife…
Physical activity and mammographic density in a cohort of midlife women
PURPOSE: Physical activity (PA) is one of few modifiable breast cancer risk factors. There have been few studies of the…
Association of fewer hours of sleep at 6 months postpartum with substantial weight retention at 1 year postpartum
Shorter sleep duration is linked to obesity, coronary artery disease, and diabetes. Whether sleep deprivation during the postpartum period affects…
Adiposity and reporting of vasomotor symptoms among midlife women: the study of women’s health across the nation
It has long been hypothesized that increased adiposity would be associated with decreased vasomotor symptoms during menopause because of conversion…
Use of complementary and alternative medicine during the menopause transition: longitudinal results from the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
OBJECTIVE: This study examined whether use of complementary and alternative (CAM) therapies during the menopause transition varied by ethnicity. DESIGN:…
Documentation of contraception and pregnancy when prescribing potentially teratogenic medications for reproductive-age women
BACKGROUND: Certain medications are identified by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) as class D or X because they…
Cross-sectional analysis of specific complementary and alternative medicine (CAM) use by racial/ethnic group and menopausal status: the Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relationships of race/ethnicity, menopausal status, health characteristics, and symptoms with use of 21 types of complementary…
Diet and lifestyle factors associated with premenstrual symptoms in a racially diverse community sample: Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation (SWAN)
AIMS: We sought to determine if the frequency of reported physical or emotional premenstrual symptoms (PMSx) was associated with (1)…
Changes in rates of hysterectomy and uterine conserving procedures for treatment of uterine leiomyoma
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to investigate treatment of uterine leiomyoma by hysterectomy and uterine conserving procedures (UCPs).…
Predictors of hysterectomy after uterine artery embolization for leiomyoma
OBJECTIVE: This study was undertaken to describe long-term outcomes after uterine artery embolization for leiomyoma. STUDY DESIGN: Data from Kaiser…
Symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse: prevalence and risk factors in a population-based, racially diverse cohort
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the prevalence of and identify risk factors associated with symptomatic pelvic organ prolapse and level of distress…
Calcium plus vitamin D supplementation and the risk of postmenopausal weight gain
BACKGROUND: Obesity in the United States has increased significantly during the past several decades. The role of calcium in the…
Androgenicity of progestins in hormonal contraceptives and the risk of gestational diabetes mellitus
OBJECTIVE: There is some evidence that use of hormonal contraceptives, particularly the more androgenic formulations, can alter a woman's glucose…
Menopause transition stage and endogenous estradiol and follicle-stimulating hormone levels are not related to cognitive performance: cross-sectional results from the study of women’s health across the nation (SWAN)
BACKGROUND: By one estimate, 60% of women experiencing the menopause transition perceive that they have memory problems, but most studies…
Intrauterine contraception: evaluation of clinician practice patterns in Kaiser Permanente Northern California
BACKGROUND: Despite the medical evidence, few women of reproductive age in the United States use intrauterine contraception (IUC) in comparison…
Maternal and obstetric complications of pregnancy are associated with increasing gestational age at term
OBJECTIVE: We sought to estimate when rates of maternal pregnancy complications increase beyond 37 weeks of gestation. STUDY DESIGN: We…
Early start: an integrated model of substance abuse intervention for pregnant women
Untreated perinatal substance abuse is associated with serious adverse maternal and neonatal outcomes. Historically, many barriers have prevented pregnant women…
Maternal illness and drug/medication use during the period surrounding pregnancy and risk of childhood leukemia among offspring
Maternal illness and drug/medication use (prescription, over-the-counter, and illicit) during pregnancy might be related to childhood leukemia risk. These issues…
Potential association between infertility and spinal neural tube defects in offspring
BACKGROUND: We examined the possible association between infertility and spinal neural tube defects (NTDs). METHODS: This is a nested case-control…
Cerebral palsy in a term population: risk factors and neuroimaging findings
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this work was to study risk factors and neuroimaging characteristics of cerebral palsy in term and…
Conjugated equine estrogens and peripheral arterial disease risk: the Women’s Health Initiative
BACKGROUND: Estradiol reduced progression of ultrasonographic carotid disease in a randomized trial. No trials of unopposed estrogen for prevention of…
Hysterectomy rates for benign indications
OBJECTIVE: To investigate the annual rates, types, and indications for hysterectomies performed for benign disease in Kaiser Permanente Northern California…
Statin use and breast cancer: prospective results from the Women’s Health Initiative
BACKGROUND: Despite experimental observations suggesting that 3-hydroxy-3-methylglutaryl coenzyme A inhibitors (statins) have antitumor activity, clinical studies have reached mixed conclusions…
Effects of conjugated equine estrogens on breast cancer and mammography screening in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy
CONTEXT: The Women's Health Initiative Estrogen-Aone trial comparing conjugated equine estrogens (CEE) with placebo was stopped early because of an…
Venous thrombosis and conjugated equine estrogen in women without a uterus
BACKGROUND: Postmenopausal hormone therapy has been associated with a 2- to 3-fold increased risk of venous thromboembolism (VT) (including deep…
Hormone predictors of bone mineral density changes during the menopausal transition
OBJECTIVE AND CONTEXT: Our objective was to examine predictability of reproductive hormone concentrations for bone mineral density (BMD) loss during…
Epidemiology and adverse cardiovascular risk profile of diagnosed polycystic ovary syndrome
CONTEXT: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is associated with menstrual and reproductive abnormalities, insulin resistance, and obesity. OBJECTIVE: The objective of…
Sexual activity and function in middle-aged and older women
OBJECTIVE: Data on the sexual activity of middle-aged and older women are scant and vary widely. This analysis estimates the…
Effect of reproductive factors and postmenopausal hormone use on the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis
OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations of reproductive factors and postmenopausal hormone use with the risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS)…
Do long-term HDL-C declines associated with a first birth vary by apo E phenotype? The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study
BACKGROUND: High-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels in premenopausal and postmenopausal women are differentially affected by exogenous sex hormones depending on…
Effect of reproductive factors and postmenopausal hormone use on the risk of Parkinson disease
OBJECTIVE: Parkinson disease (PD) is less common in women possibly because of hormonal or reproductive influences. The objective of this…
Ectopic pregnancy rate and treatment utilization in a large managed care organization
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the ectopic pregnancy rate at Kaiser Permanente, Northern California, during 1997-2000. METHODS: Computerized data systems covering inpatient,…
Maternal and infant characteristics associated with perinatal arterial stroke in the infant
CONTEXT: Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAS) is a common cause of hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Risk factors for this condition have…
Self-reported experiences of racial discrimination and Black-White differences in preterm and low-birthweight deliveries: the CARDIA Study
OBJECTIVES: We examined the effects of self-reported experiences of racial discrimination on Black-White differences in preterm (less than 37 weeks…
Venous thromboembolic disease in users of low-estrogen combined estrogen-progestin oral contraceptives
OBJECTIVE: To assess the relationship between venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) and use of low-estrogen dose (
Long-term plasma lipid changes associated with a first birth: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults study
Previous studies have reported declines in high density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol 1-2 years after pregnancy. In 1986-1996, the authors prospectively…
Effects of conjugated equine estrogen in postmenopausal women with hysterectomy: the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial
CONTEXT: Despite decades of use and considerable research, the role of estrogen alone in preventing chronic diseases in postmenopausal women…
Excess gains in weight and waist circumference associated with childbearing: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study (CARDIA)
OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of childbearing with weight and waist circumference (WC) changes, we compared women with and without…
Using chart reviews to assess postpartum substance abuse. A pilot study
The use of chart reviews to assess substance use one-year postpartum was examined in this pilot study by comparing interviews…
Phytoestrogen supplements for the treatment of hot flashes: the Isoflavone Clover Extract (ICE) Study: a randomized controlled trial
CONTEXT: Clinical trials demonstrating increased risk of cardiovascular disease and breast cancer among women randomized to hormone replacement therapy have…
DDT and DDE exposure in mothers and time to pregnancy in daughters
Reproductive-tract anomalies after administration of the potent oestrogen, diethylstilboestrol, in pregnant women raised concerns about the reproductive effects of exposure…
Endogenous hormones and bone turnover markers in pre- and perimenopausal women: SWAN
We tested the hypothesis that higher serum osteocalcin and urinary N-telopeptide of type I collagen (NTx) concentrations would be found…
Body mass index and colon cancer: an evaluation of the modifying effects of estrogen (United States)
OBJECTIVE: The association between body mass index (BMI) and colon cancer has been reported to be different for men and…
Current use of unopposed estrogen and estrogen plus progestin and the risk of acute myocardial infarction among women with diabetes: the Northern California Kaiser Permanente Diabetes Registry, 1995-1998
BACKGROUND: Little is known about hormone replacement therapy (HRT) and risk for myocardial infarction (MI) in diabetic women. We examined…
Interaction of dietary folate intake, alcohol, and risk of hormone receptor-defined breast cancer in a prospective study of postmenopausal women
Alcohol intake is an established risk factor for breast cancer, but the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Four recent studies have…
Physical activity and menstrual cycle characteristics in two prospective cohorts
Relations between physical activity and prospectively collected menstrual cycle characteristics were examined in two large cohorts. One cohort consisted of…
Risks and benefits of estrogen plus progestin in healthy postmenopausal women: principal results From the Women’s Health Initiative randomized controlled trial
CONTEXT: Despite decades of accumulated observational evidence, the balance of risks and benefits for hormone use in healthy postmenopausal women…
Ethnic variation in bone density in premenopausal and early perimenopausal women: effects of anthropometric and lifestyle factors
Bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture rates vary among women of differing ethnicities. Most reports suggest that BMD is highest…
Severity of premenstrual symptoms in a health maintenance organization population
OBJECTIVE: To describe severity of emotional and physical symptoms in a large diverse sample; to examine demographic, health status, and…
Oral contraceptive use and association with glucose, insulin, and diabetes in young adult women: the CARDIA Study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
OBJECTIVE: We studied the associations between 1) current use of oral contraceptives (OCs) and 2) glucose levels, insulin levels, and…
Risk factors for synchronous primary endometrial and ovarian cancers
PURPOSE: The incidence of synchronous primary endometrial and ovarian cancer is 2- to 10-fold higher than that expected based on…
Reversal by medical treatment of endometrial hyperplasia caused by estrogen replacement therapy
OBJECTIVE: Endometrial hyperplasia, an entity considered a precursor to endometrial carcinoma, frequently develops in women receiving unopposed estrogens. Progestins used…
Hormone replacement therapy is associated with better glycemic control in women with type 2 diabetes: The Northern California Kaiser Permanente Diabetes Registry
OBJECTIVE: In women with diabetes, the changes that accompany menopause may further diminish glycemic control. Little is known about how…
Concomitant medication use in postmenopausal women using estrogen therapy
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether long-term postmenopausal estrogen therapy is associated with use of other prescription medications. METHODS: Using computer pharmacy…
The epidemiology of mental retardation of unknown cause
OBJECTIVE: To describe selected infant and maternal characteristics for children with mild and severe mental retardation (MR) of unknown cause.…
Maternal exposure to nitrate from drinking water and diet and risk for neural tube defects
In this population-based case-control study conducted in California between June 1989 and May 1991, the authors investigated the association between…
Hormone replacement therapy and the risk of myocardial infarction in women with coronary risk factors
To assess the risk of myocardial infarction in users of post-menopausal hormone replacement therapy who are at high risk of…
Hormone replacement therapy and improved survival among postmenopausal women diagnosed with colon cancer (USA)
OBJECTIVES: Hormone replacement therapy (HRT) has been inversely associated with colon cancer incidence in several epidemiologic studies. In this study…
Reduction of vertebral fracture risk in postmenopausal women with osteoporosis treated with raloxifene: results from a 3-year randomized clinical trial. Multiple Outcomes of Raloxifene Evaluation (MORE) Investigators
CONTEXT: Raloxifene hydrochloride, a selective estrogen receptor modulator, prevents bone loss in postmenopausal women, but whether it reduces fracture risk…
Women’s provider preferences for basic gynecology care in a large health maintenance organization
To examine women's preferences for the type and sex of the provider of basic gynecological services and the correlates of…
Excess maternal transmission of type 2 diabetes. The Northern California Kaiser Permanente Diabetes Registry
OBJECTIVE: To assess excess maternal transmission of type 2 diabetes in a multiethnic cohort. Previous studies have reported higher prevalence…
Effects of providing hospital-based doulas in health maintenance organization hospitals
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate whether providing doulas during hospital-based labor affects mode of delivery, epidural use, breast-feeding, and postpartum perceptions of…
Habitual physical activity and menopausal symptoms: a case-control study
A case-control study design was used to examine whether habitual physical activity prior to the final menstrual period (FMP) was…
Myocardial infarction and use of low-dose oral contraceptives: a pooled analysis of 2 US studies
BACKGROUND: Population-based case-control studies to assess the relationship of low-dose oral contraceptive (OC) use with myocardial infarction (MI) were performed…
Unexpected vaginal bleeding and associated gynecologic care in postmenopausal women using hormone replacement therapy: comparison of cyclic versus continuous combined schedules
OBJECTIVE: To measure gynecologic resources required to care for women who have unexpected vaginal bleeding while using hormone replacement therapy…
Norplant implants and cardiovascular disease
A 1995 publication on serious adverse events in users of Norplant implants submitted to the Food and Drug Administration's MedWatch…
Oral contraceptive use and myocardial infarction
Epidemiologic studies of current oral contraceptive (OC) use and myocardial infarction (MI) have been contradictory and confusing. This comprehensive review…
Design of the Women’s Health Initiative clinical trial and observational study. The Women’s Health Initiative Study Group
The Women's Health Initiative (WHI) is a large and complex clinical investigation of strategies for the prevention and control of…
Differences in fertility associated with caffeinated beverage consumption
OBJECTIVES: The effect of caffeine consumption on fertility was examined prospectively in 210 women. METHODS: Women reported on caffeinated beverage…
Ischemic stroke and use of estrogen and estrogen/progestogen as hormone replacement therapy
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Information about the risk of stroke in current postmenopausal hormone users is limited. METHODS: In this case-control…
Quality of life, health care utilization, and costs among women undergoing hysterectomy in a managed-care setting
OBJECTIVE: We compared quality of life, utilization, and costs for women undergoing elective abdominal, laparoscopically assisted vaginal, or vaginal hysterectomy…
