Friedman, Gary
Research interests include the epidemiology of cancer and cardiovascular disease.
Young-Wolff, Kelly
Research interests include behavioral interventions for complex patients with multiple psychiatric and addictive disorders.
Iribarren, Carlos
Research interests include the genetic determinants of coronary disease.
Polygenic Risk Scores for Advancing CVD Risk Stratification among Asymptomatic Adults
Leveraging the GERA Cohort to evaluate the performance of a 12-SNP PRS for CVD against the Pool Cohorts Equation across…
Early to Midlife Smoking Trajectories and Cognitive Function in Middle-Aged US Adults: the CARDIA Study
Smoking starts in early adulthood and persists throughout the life course, but the association between these trajectories and midlife cognition…
Differences in Health Characteristics of Geographic Subgroups of Arab Americans in a Northern California Health Plan
Arab Americans are a diverse ethnic group originating from a large geographic area in the Middle East and North Africa…
Women’s Multi-Ethnic Health and Lifestyle Survey
We propose to survey White, Black, Latina, Filipina, Chinese, South Asian, Vietnamese, and Japanese women aged 35-79 to characterize and…
Smoking modifies pancreatic cancer risk loci on 2q21.3
Germline variation and smoking are independently associated with pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma (PDAC). We conducted genome-wide smoking interaction analysis of PDAC…
Cigarette smoking behaviors and the importance of ethnicity and genetic ancestry
Cigarette smoking contributes to numerous diseases and is one of the leading causes of death in the United States. Smoking…
Building an Evidence Case for Capturing Educational Attainment in the EHR as a Social Determinant of Health
Educational attainment is an important social determinant of health, but it is not included in the electronic health records of…
The relationship of smoking and unhealthy alcohol use to the HIV care continuum among people with HIV in an integrated health care system
Smoking tobacco and unhealthy alcohol use may negatively influence HIV care continuum outcomes but have not been examined in combination.…
Health Risks and Chronic Health Conditions among Arab American and White Adults in Northern California
To characterize the prevalence of chronic cardiovascular conditions and risk factors among Arab American adults stratified by sex and compare…
Oral leukoplakia and risk of progression to oral cancer: A population-based cohort study
The optimal clinical management of oral precancer remains uncertain. We investigated the natural history of oral leukoplakia, the most common…
Smoking and cessation treatment among persons with and without HIV in a U.S. integrated health system
Persons with HIV (PWH) are more likely to smoke and are more susceptible to the harmful effects of smoking than…
Maternal Marijuana Use During Pregnancy, Marijuana Legalization, and Adverse Obstetrical and Neonatal Outcomes: A 12-year Cohort Study (COVID-19 Revision)
As of March 26, 2020, there have been more than 80,000 cases and 1,000 deaths in the US due to…
Smoking as a Risk Factor for COVID-19 Onset and Severity
This pilot study will use data from Kaiser Permanente Northern California electronic health records to examine whether current and former…
Tobacco-related counseling and documentation in adolescent primary care practice: Challenges and opportunities
Primary care visits present an opportunity to reduce tobacco use and tobacco smoke exposure (TSE) among adolescents. To date, few…
Smoking mediates the relationship between SES and brain volume: The CARDIA study
Investigate whether socioeconomic status (SES) was related to brain volume in aging related regions, and if so, determine whether this…
Aggregation of Asian-American subgroups masks meaningful differences in health and health risks among Asian ethnicities: an electronic health record based cohort study
Few large cohort studies have examined the prevalence of diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension (HTN), coronary artery disease (CAD), obesity, and…
Rural-urban differences e-cigarette ever use, the perception of harm, and e-cigarette information seeking behaviors among U.S. adults in a nationally representative study.
Adults living in rural areas, compared to their urban counterparts, are at an increased risk of using tobacco-related products and…
Association of donor age, body mass index, hemoglobin, and smoking status with in-hospital mortality and length of stay among red blood cell-transfused recipients
Recent publications have reported conflicting findings regarding associations of blood donor demographics and mortality of transfused patients. We hypothesized that…
Environmental Tobacco Smoke Exposure in Relation to Family Characteristics, Stressors and Chemical Co-Exposures in California Girls
Childhood environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) exposure is a risk factor for adverse health outcomes and may disproportionately burden lower socioeconomic…
Disparities in knowledge and use of tobacco treatment among smokers in California following healthcare reform
The Affordable Care Act (ACA) promised to narrow smoking disparities by expanding access to healthcare and mandating comprehensive coverage for…
Prediagnostic circulating markers of inflammation and risk of oesophageal adenocarcinoma: a study within the National Cancer Institute Cohort Consortium
Cross-sectional data indicate that systemic inflammation is important in oesophageal adenocarcinoma. We conducted a prospective study to assess whether prediagnostic…
Evaluation of a Pilot Perioperative Smoking Cessation Program: A Pre-Post Study
Surgical clinic and perioperative settings are critical touchpoints for treating smoking, yet health care systems have not typically prioritized smoking…
Multi-ancestry genome-wide gene-smoking interaction study of 387,272 individuals identifies new loci associated with serum lipids
The concentrations of high- and low-density-lipoprotein cholesterol and triglycerides are influenced by smoking, but it is unknown whether genetic associations…
Association studies of up to 1.2 million individuals yield new insights into the genetic etiology of tobacco and alcohol use
Tobacco and alcohol use are leading causes of mortality that influence risk for many complex diseases and disorders1. They are…
Healthy Lifestyle During the Midlife Is Prospectively Associated With Less Subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis: The Study of Women’s Health Across the Nation
Background Measures of subclinical atherosclerosis are predictors of future cardiovascular outcomes as well as of physical and cognitive functioning. The…
Disparities in the Receipt of Tobacco Treatment Counseling within the US Context of the Affordable Care Act and Meaningful Use Implementation
Disparities in receiving advice to quit smoking and other tobacco use from health professionals may contribute to the continuing gap…
Evaluating the Impact of Eliminating Copayments for Tobacco Cessation Pharmacotherapy
We examined the impact of the Affordable Care Act-mandated elimination of tobacco cessation pharmacotherapy (TCP) copayments on patient use of…
Factors associated with hazardous alcohol use and motivation to reduce drinking among HIV primary care patients: Baseline findings from the Health & Motivation study
Limited primary care-based research has examined hazardous drinking risk factors and motivation to reduce use in persons with HIV (PWH).…
Influence of smoking, body mass index and other factors on the preventive effect of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs on colorectal cancer risk
Nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use has consistently been associated with lower risk of colorectal cancer (CRC); however, studies showed inconsistent…
Lifetime Marijuana Use and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
Unlike tobacco, the effect of marijuana smoke on subclinical atherosclerosis, a surrogate measure for cardiovascular disease, is not known. This…
Documentation of e-cigarette use and associations with smoking from 2012 to 2015 in an integrated healthcare delivery system
It is unclear whether use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) precedes cigarette smoking initiation, relapse, and/or quitting. Healthcare systems…
Cancer burden attributable to cigarette smoking among HIV-infected people in North America
With combination-antiretroviral therapy, HIV-infected individuals live longer with an elevated burden of cancer. Given the high prevalence of smoking among…
Extension of the Consortium to improve OutcoMes in HIV/Aids, Alcohol, Aging & multi-Substance (COMpAAAS)
With support from the National Institute on Alcohol Abuse and Alcoholism, the Consortium to improve OutcoMes in HIV/Aids, Alcohol, Aging…
Do you vape? Leveraging electronic health records to assess clinician documentation of electronic nicotine delivery system use among adolescents and adults
Use of electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) has increased substantially over the past decade. However, unlike smoking, which is systematically…
Pioglitazone, a PPARγ agonist, reduces nicotine craving in humans, with marginal effects on abuse potential.
Possibly through their actions upon glia, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor agonists (PPAR) have been shown to alter the abuse potential of…
The interaction between smoking and HLA genes in multiple sclerosis: replication and refinement
Interactions between environment and genetics may contribute to multiple sclerosis (MS) development. We investigated whether the previously observed interaction between…
Age at Pubertal Onset in Girls and Tobacco Smoke Exposure during Pre- and Post-natal Susceptibility Windows
Tobacco smoke contains known hormonally active chemicals and reproductive toxicants. Several studies have examined prenatal maternal smoking and offspring age…
Association of the Affordable Care Act With Smoking and Tobacco Treatment Utilization Among Adults Newly Enrolled in Health Care
To examine rates of smoking and tobacco treatment utilization by insurance coverage status (Medicaid, commercial, exchange) among newly enrolled patients…
Smoke-Free Laws and Hazardous Drinking: A Cross-Sectional Study among U.S. Adults
Tobacco and alcohol use are strongly associated. This cross-sectional study examined the relationship of smoke-free law coverage and smoke-free bar…
Smoking, Mental Illness, and Public Health
Tobacco use remains the leading preventable cause of death worldwide. In particular, people with mental illness are disproportionately affected with…
Cumulative receipt of an anti-poverty tax credit for families did not impact tobacco smoking among parents
The effect of anti-poverty tax credit interventions on tobacco consumption is unclear. Previous studies have estimated short-term effects, did not…
Telephone-Based Coaching: A Comparison of Tobacco Cessation Programs in an Integrated Health Care System
Many Americans continue to smoke, increasing their risk of disease and premature death. Both telephone-based counseling and in-person tobacco cessation…
Impact of Health Reform on Smoking and Treatment Utilization
The overall objective of this study is to examine how the implementation of landmark health care legislation has impacted the…
Implementation and Effectiveness of a Perioperative Smoking Cessation Program
This study assesses the implementation and effectiveness of a perioperative smoking cessation intervention integrated into usual care for patients who…
Use of Electronic Cigarettes Among Cancer Survivors in the U.S
The population-level patterns of electronic cigarette (e-cigarette) use among cancer survivors in the U.S. are unknown. The objective of this…
Patient-provider discussions about lung cancer screening pre- and post-guidelines: Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS)
In 2013, the USPSTF issued a Grade B recommendation that long-term current and former smokers receive lung cancer screening. Shared…
Smoking Trends Among Adults With Behavioral Health Conditions in Integrated Health Care: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Individuals with behavioral health conditions (BHCs) smoke at high rates and have limited success with quitting, despite impressive gains in…
Presence of an epigenetic signature of prenatal cigarette smoke exposure in childhood
Prenatal exposure to tobacco smoke has lifelong health consequences. Epigenetic signatures such as differences in DNA methylation (DNAm) may be…
Cigarette smoking and pulmonary tuberculosis in northern California
A positive association between smoking and increased risk of tuberculosis disease is well documented for populations outside the USA. However,…
Preventable Major Cardiovascular Events Associated With Uncontrolled Glucose, Blood Pressure, and Lipids and Active Smoking in Adults With Diabetes With and Without Cardiovascular Disease: A Contemporary Analysis
The objective of this study was to assess the incidence of major cardiovascular (CV) hospitalization events and all-cause deaths among…
Gender differences in a randomized controlled trial treating tobacco use among adolescents and young adults with mental health concerns
INTRODUCTION: Treatment of tobacco use in mental health settings is rare despite high rates of comorbidity. With a focus on…
Correlates and prevalence of menthol cigarette use among adults with serious mental illness
INTRODUCTION: With a focus on protecting vulnerable groups from initiating and continuing tobacco use, the FDA has been considering the…
Tobacco and Alcohol in Relation to Male Breast Cancer: An Analysis of the Male Breast Cancer Pooling Project Consortium
The etiology of male breast cancer is poorly understood, partly due to its relative rarity. Although tobacco and alcohol exposures…
Prevalence and correlates of electronic-cigarette use in young adults: Findings from three studies over five years
We aimed to examine prevalence and correlates of past-month electronic cigarette ("e-cigarette") use and use of e-cigarettes to aid a…
Association Between Cannabis Use and the Risk of Bladder Cancer: Results From the California Men’s Health Study
To investigate the association of cannabis use and tobacco smoking on the incidence of bladder cancer within the California Men's…
Validity of self-reported adult secondhand smoke exposure
OBJECTIVES: Exposure of adults to secondhand smoke (SHS) has immediate adverse effects on the cardiovascular system and causes coronary heart…
Smoking and mortality after breast cancer diagnosis: the health and functioning in women study.
We examined the effect of smoking on long-term mortality from breast cancer and other causes among a cohort of women…
Interaction between passive smoking and two HLA genes with regard to multiple sclerosis risk
The recently described interaction between smoking, human leukocyte antigen (HLA) DRB1*15 and absence of HLA-A*02 with regard to multiple sclerosis…
Multiple risk behavior profiles of smokers with serious mental illness and motivation for change
OBJECTIVE: Individuals with serious mental illness (SMI) are dying on average 25 years prematurely. The leading causes are chronic preventable…
PTSD symptomatology and readiness to quit smoking among women with serious mental illness
INTRODUCTION: Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a risk factor for tobacco addiction. The majority of research on PTSD and smoking…
Tobacco retailer proximity and density and nicotine dependence among smokers with serious mental illness
OBJECTIVES: We examined the density and proximity of tobacco retailers and associations with smoking behavior and mental health in a…
Are statewide restaurant and bar smoking bans associated with reduced cigarette smoking among those with mental illness?
BACKGROUND: Smoke-free air laws have effectively reduced cigarette consumption at the population level; however, the influence of these policies on…
Increased cigarette tax is associated with reductions in alcohol consumption in a longitudinal U.S. sample
BACKGROUND: Cigarette taxation has been recognized as one of the most significant policy instruments to reduce smoking. Smoking and drinking…
Lifetime Cigarette Smoking and Breast Cancer Prognosis in the After Breast Cancer Pooling Project
There is controversy on whether former smokers have increased risk for breast cancer recurrence or all-cause mortality, regardless of how…
Levels of Cotinine in Dried Blood Specimens from Newborns as a Biomarker of Maternal Smoking Close to the Time of Delivery
The precise quantitation of smoking during pregnancy is difficult in retrospective studies. Routinely collected blood specimens from newborns, stored as…
Longitudinal associations between smoking cessation medications and alcohol consumption among smokers in the International Tobacco Control Four Country survey
BACKGROUND: Available evidence suggests that quitting smoking does not alter alcohol consumption. However, smoking cessation medications may have a direct…
Smoke-free policies in drinking venues predict transitions in alcohol use disorders in a longitudinal U.S. sample
BACKGROUND: Smoke-free legislation prohibiting smoking in indoor public venues, including bars and restaurants, is an effective means of reducing tobacco…
A pooled analysis of smoking and colorectal cancer: timing of exposure and interactions with environmental factors
BACKGROUND: Considerable evidence suggests that cigarette smoking is associated with a higher risk of colorectal cancer (CRC). What is unclear,…
Smoking and survival after breast cancer diagnosis: a prospective observational study and systematic review
The association of smoking with outcomes following breast cancer prognosis is not well understood. In a cohort study called Life…
Cigarette Smoking Associated With Lung Adenocarcinoma In Situ in a Large Case-Control Study (SFBALCS)
INTRODUCTION:: Adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), formerly bronchioloalveolar carcinoma, is an uncommon subtype of lung adenocarcinoma and accounts for approximately 3%…
The importance of exposure rate on odds ratios by cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption for esophageal adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma in the Barrett’s Esophagus and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium
BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is associated with esophageal adenocarcinoma (EAC), esophagogastric junctional adenocarcinoma (EGJA) and esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC), and…
Cigarette Smoking Increases Risk of Barrett’s Esophagus: an Analysis of the Barrett’s and Esophageal Adenocarcinoma Consortium
BACKGROUND & AIMS: Cigarette smoking has been implicated in the etiology of esophageal adenocarcinoma, but it is not clear if…
Gene-centric analysis of serum cotinine levels in African and European American populations
To date, most genetic association studies of tobacco use have been conducted in European American subjects using the phenotype of…
Stopping smoking during first year of substance use treatment predicted 9-year alcohol and drug treatment outcomes
This study examined the association between stopping smoking at 1 year after substance use treatment intake and long-term substance use…
Heavy smoking in midlife and long-term risk of Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia
BACKGROUND: Smoking is a risk factor for several life-threatening diseases, but its long-term association with dementia is controversial and somewhat…
E-cigarettes: a rapidly growing Internet phenomenon
Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) aerosolize nicotine and produce a vapor that emulates that of cigarettes but purportedly has fewer traditional toxins…
Cigarette smoking and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction: a pooled analysis from the international BEACON consortium
BACKGROUND: Previous studies that showed an association between smoking and adenocarcinomas of the esophagus and esophagogastric junction were limited in…
Active, but not passive cigarette smoking was inversely associated with mammographic density
PURPOSE: The opposing carcinogenic and antiestrogenic properties of tobacco smoke may explain why epidemiologic studies have not consistently reported positive…
Medical history, body size, and cigarette smoking in relation to fatal prostate cancer
OBJECTIVES: Prostate cancer has few known risk factors. As part of a population-based case-control study conducted in four health maintenance…
Passive smoke exposure and circulating carotenoids in the CARDIA study
Background/Aims: Our objective was to assess associations between passive smoke exposure in various venues and serum carotenoid concentrations. Methods: CARDIA…
Assessing tumor mutations to gain insight into base excision repair sequence polymorphisms and smoking in colon cancer
DNA repair enzymes function in major pathways to reverse DNA damage, including base excision repair (BER). Missense polymorphisms in BER…
Somatic alterations, metabolizing genes and smoking in rectal cancer
Cigarette smoking has been identified as a risk factor for rectal cancer. Our investigation evaluates associations between active and passive…
Association between prenatal tobacco exposure and outcome of neonates born to opioid-maintained mothers. Implications for treatment.
BACKGROUND: Prenatal nicotine exposure is associated with increased neonatal mortality, low birth weight, and smaller head circumference. Opioid-dependent pregnant women…
Smoking enhances risk for new external genital warts in men
Repeat episodes of HPV-related external genital warts reflect recurring or new infections. No study before has been sufficiently powered to…
Self-initiated tobacco cessation and substance use outcomes among adolescents entering substance use treatment in a managed care organization
PURPOSE: Adolescents with substance use (SU) problems have high rates of tobacco use, yet SU treatment has historically ignored treatment…
The impact of SHS exposure on health status and exacerbations among patients with COPD
Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a major contributor to indoor air pollution. Because it contains respiratory irritants, it may adversely influence…
Educational disparities in rates of smoking among diabetic adults: the translating research into action for diabetes study
OBJECTIVES: We assessed educational disparities in smoking rates among adults with diabetes in managed care settings. METHODS: We used a…
Pooled analysis of tobacco use and risk of Parkinson disease
CONTEXT: Epidemiologic studies have reported that cigarette smoking is inversely associated with Parkinson disease (PD). However, questions remain regarding the…
Passive smoke exposure trends and workplace policy in the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study (1985-2001)
OBJECTIVE: There has been reduced active smoking, decreased societal acceptance for smoking indoors, and changing smoking policy since the mid-1980s.…
Cigarette smoking and long-term alcohol and drug treatment outcomes: a telephone follow-up at five years
This prospective study examined the relationship between cigarette smoking and five-year substance abuse treatment outcomes. Of 749 individuals who began…
The influence of cigarette smoking on adult asthma outcomes
Despite having a chronic respiratory disease, adults with asthma do not appear to selectively avoid smoking. We used data from…
Association of smoking, CpG island methylator phenotype, and V600E BRAF mutations in colon cancer
BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking has been associated with microsatellite instability in sporadic colon cancer. Most microsatellite-unstable colon cancers have widespread methylation…
Menthol cigarettes, smoking cessation, atherosclerosis, and pulmonary function: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
BACKGROUND: African American smokers are more likely to experience tobacco-related morbidity and mortality than European American smokers, and higher rates…
Active and passive smoking and development of glucose intolerance among young adults in a prospective cohort: CARDIA study
OBJECTIVE: To assess whether active and passive smokers are more likely than non-smokers to develop clinically relevant glucose intolerance or…
The association of cigarette smoking with self-reported disease before middle age: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study
BACKGROUND: Evidence that demonstrates the harmful effect of cigarette smoking during young adulthood is limited. Therefore, we assessed associations between…
Smoking status and common carotid artery intima-medial thickness among middle-aged men and women based on ultrasound measurement: a cohort study
BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is an established causal factor for atherosclerosis. However, the smoking effect on different echogenic components of carotid…
Gay/Lesbian sexual orientation increases risk for cigarette smoking and heavy drinking among members of a large Northern California health plan
BACKGROUND AND SIGNIFICANCE: Tobacco and alcohol use and related morbidity and mortality are critical public health problems. Results of several,…
The association between cigarette smoking and colorectal polyp recurrence (United States)
OBJECTIVE: Although evidence exists linking smoking to precancerous colorectal adenomatous polyps, few studies have examined the association between cigarette smoking…
Directly measured second hand smoke exposure and asthma health outcomes
BACKGROUND: Because they have chronic airway inflammation, adults with asthma could have symptomatic exacerbation after exposure to second hand smoke…
Tobacco-cessation services and patient satisfaction in nine nonprofit HMOs
BACKGROUND: The U.S. Public Health Service clinical practice guideline calls for clinicians and healthcare organizations to identify and treat every…
Relationship between tobacco control policies and the delivery of smoking cessation services in nonprofit HMOs
BACKGROUND: This project examined tobacco policies and delivery of cessation services in nonprofit HMOs that collectively provide comprehensive medical care…
Development of overweight associated with childbearing depends on smoking habit: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
OBJECTIVE: To prospectively evaluate whether childbearing leads to development of overweight in women and to evaluate the role of other…
Cohort study of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk of first ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack
The independent effect of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS; passive smoking) on the risk of stroke is not well…
Changes in smoking status among substance abusers: baseline characteristics and abstinence from alcohol and drugs at 12-month follow-up
The impact of change in smoking status on 12-month substance abuse (SA) treatment outcomes was examined among an HMO population…
Tobacco-control policies in 11 leading managed care organizations: progress and challenges
CONTEXT: Although evidence-based national guidelines for tobacco-dependence treatment have been available since 1996, translating these guidelines into clinical practice is…
Exposure to environmental tobacco smoke: association with personal characteristics and self reported health conditions
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the association between exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS) and demographic, lifestyle, occupational characteristics and self…
Patterns of cigarette smoking and alcohol use among lesbians and bisexual women enrolled in a large health maintenance organization
OBJECTIVES: This study compared the prevalence of cigarette smoking and alcohol use among lesbians and bisexual women with that among…
Cost of care for patients in cancer clinical trials
BACKGROUND: Information on the costs of medical care for patients enrolled in clinical trials is needed by policymakers evaluating ways…
Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and risk of ARDS: a 15-year cohort study in a managed care setting
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with hospital presentation of ARDS in a well-defined,…
Effect of cigar smoking on the risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer in men
BACKGROUND: The sale of cigars in the United States has been increasing for the past six years. Cigar smoking is…
Barbiturates, smoking, and bladder cancer risk
Phenobarbital treatment has been observed to be negatively associated with bladder cancer risk in a few studies. It has been…
Cigarette smoking and risk of non-Hodgkin’s lymphoma subtypes
We examined the hypothesis that cigarette smoking increases the risk of non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (NHL) subtypes in a cohort of approximately…
Smoking habits among multiphasic examinees, 1979 to 1984
In tabulating the smoking habits of 95,744 residents of the San Francisco Bay Area, as reported between July 1979 and…
Problems in determining the prognosis of asymptomatic gallstones
Decisions as to whether to perform prophylactic cholecystectomy on patients with asymptomatic gallstones require better information on the rate of…
Coffee and Coronary Heart Disease: Are there grounds for concern?
During the past two decades, there has been serious concern that coffee drinking might contribute to the development of coronary…
Psychological questionnaire score, cigarette smoking, and myocardial infarction: a continuing enigma
The ability of a group of 94 psychological questions to discriminate between men in whom cigarette smoking was associated with…
Prevalence and correlates of passive smoking
The duration per week of exposure to others' tobacco smoke in different locations was tabulated from the questionnaire responses of…
Alcohol, tobacco, and hypertension
In many studies of diverse populations it has been found that persons drinking relatively large amounts of alcohol tend to…
Changes after quitting cigarette smoking
Changes in cardiorespiratory symptoms and coronary disease risk indicators over an average 1 1/2-year period were assessed in 9392 persistent…
Mortality in middle-aged smokers and nonsmokers
We assessed the relation of cigarette smoking to mortality in an 11-year follow-up study of 4004 men and women, 35…
