The proposed study aims to identify affective influences on key lifestyle behaviors (healthy eating and objectively measured self-weighing and physical activity) associated with postpartum weight retention and cardiometabolic profile (e.g., metabolic syndrome). We propose a longitudinal study design within a…
Observational studies reporting on adjusted associations between childhood body mass index (BMI; weight (kg)/height (m)2) rebound and subsequent cardiometabolic outcomes have often not paid explicit attention to causal inference, including definition of a target causal effect and assumptions for unbiased…
There is an emerging viewpoint that change in body weight is not sufficiently sensitive to promptly identify clinically meaningful change in body composition, such as skeletal muscle depletion. We aimed to determine whether body weight stability is associated with skeletal…
By leveraging the KPNC Gestational diabetes and Glucose Tolerance Registry, which includes rich data on blood glucose levels, obesity, gestational weight gain, we will add blood pressure levels for the earliest years to evaluate the individual and joint impact of…
Missing data is common in electronic health records (EHR)-based obesity research. To avoid bias, it is critical to understand mechanisms that underpin missingness. We conducted a survey among bariatric surgery patients in three integrated health systems to (i) investigate predictors…
One-fourth of women experience substantially higher weight years after childbirth. We examined weight change from prepregnancy to 18 months postpartum according to subsequent maternal risk of hypertension and cardiovascular disease (CVD). We conducted a cohort study of 47,966 women with…
In the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), we investigated associations between baseline dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA) appendicular lean mass (ALM) and risk of incident fractures, falls, and mortality (separately for each outcome) among older postmenopausal women, accounting for bone mineral density…
This retrospective cohort study examined whether bariatric surgery is associated with reduced risk of breast cancer among pre- and postmenopausal women. Obesity is associated with increased risk of breast cancer, but the impact of weight loss on breast cancer risk…
Body composition strongly influences physical function in older adults. Bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) differentiates fat mass from skeletal muscle mass, and may be more useful than body mass index (BMI) for classifying women on their likelihood of physical function impairment.…
Excess body weight is an established cause of postmenopausal breast cancer, but it is unknown if weight loss reduces risk. Associations between weight change and risk of breast cancer were examined among women aged 50 years and older in the Pooling…
Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) are a class of ubiquitous, environmental chemicals that may have endocrine disrupting capabilities. We investigated whether childhood exposure to PAHs was associated with adiposity and pubertal timing in a longitudinal study of 404 girls enrolled in…
This 5-year RO1 study will determine the independent contribution of fetal exposures and early postnatal lifestyle factors on subsequent development of child adiposity and metabolic health among youth (ages 9 to 13 ) exposed to gestational diabetes in utero. The…
Body mass index (BMI) and diabetes are established risk factors for colorectal cancer (CRC), likely through perturbations in metabolic traits (e.g. insulin resistance and glucose homeostasis). Identification of interactions between variation in genes and these metabolic risk factors may identify…
Nutritional status can directly affect morbidity and mortality in older adults with cancer. This study evaluated the association between pretreatment body mass index (BMI), albumin level, and unintentional weight loss (UWL) in the prior 6 months and chemotherapy toxicity among older…
Weight extremes and food insecurity (FIS) represent public-health challenges, yet their associations in childhood remain unclear. We aimed to investigate the longitudinal time-specific relationship between FIS and risk of overweight/obesity and underweight in kindergarten through 8th grade. In the prospective…
Few resources exist for prospective, longitudinal analysis of the relationships between early life environment and later obesity in large diverse samples of children in the United States (US). In 2016, the National Institutes of Health launched the Environmental influences on…
Background: Excessive weight gain during pregnancy is common and has been shown to be associated with increased long-term maternal weight. However, less is known on whether there is a cumulative effect of excessive gestational weight gain (GWG) over multiple pregnancies.…
Background: Maternal leisure time physical activity (LTPA) and sedentary time during pregnancy may influence programming of infant growth in a sex-specific manner. Materials and Methods: Participants (N = 35,212) from the Danish National Birth Cohort reported moderate/vigorous LTPA (hours/week) in early (conception…
The use of relative and absolute effect estimates has important implications for the interpretation of study findings. Likewise, examining additive and multiplicative interaction can lead to differing conclusions about the joint effects of two exposure variables. The aim of this…
Recent publications have reported conflicting findings regarding associations of blood donor demographics and mortality of transfused patients. We hypothesized that the analysis of additional donor characteristics and consideration of alternative outcomes might provide insight into these disparate results. We analyzed…
Weight cycling, defined as intentional weight loss followed by unintentional weight regain, may attenuate the benefit of intentional weight loss on endometrial cancer risk. We summarized the literature on intentional weight loss, weight cycling after intentional weight loss, bariatric surgery,…
Concerns about reverse causality and selection bias complicate the interpretation of studies of body mass index (BMI, calculated as weight (kg)/height (m)2) and mortality in older adults. The objective of this study was to investigate methodological explanations for the apparent…
Background:Depression is associated with weight change outside of pregnancy. We assessed associations of prepregnancy or early pregnancy onset depression with gestational weight gain (GWG) rate overall and according to Institute of Medicine (IOM) recommendations. Materials and Methods:Depression from 6 months…
Aim 1: Determine associations among body mass index (BMI), body composition variables, and tumor subtype. The amount and quality of muscle, visceral adipose tissue, and subcutaneous adipose tissue will be derived from existing pre-surgical CT scans; and ccA/ccB subtypes will…
Current public health guidelines for obesity prevention and control focus on promoting a normal body mass index (BMI), rarely addressing central obesity, which is reflected by high waist circumference (WC) and common in the general population. Studies of the association…
An optimal gestational weight gain is essential for maternal health and to reduce adverse birth outcomes. Current guidelines to monitor gestational weight gain are based on pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI). However, middle-upper arm circumference (MUAC) is increasingly used as…
Excess gestational weight gain (GWG) is common among women with overweight or obesity, increasing their risks for pregnancy complications, delivering a large infant, and postpartum weight retention. To date, only intensive interventions have had success and few interventions have been…
Early puberty is associated with adverse health outcomes, but little is known regarding early life determinants influencing pubertal timing. We examined the associations between maternal gestational weight gain (GWG) and the timing of the onset of breast development (thelarche) and…
The relation between the menopause transition (MT) and changes in body composition or weight remains uncertain. We hypothesized that, independent of chronological aging, the MT would have a detrimental influence on body composition. Participants were from the longitudinal Study of…
This study tested if the timing of meals, physical activity, light exposure, and sleep cluster within individuals and are associated with body mass index (BMI) in a sample of free-living adults (N = 125). Data were collected between November 2015 and March…
Obesity is associated with an increased risk of breast cancer, including the estrogen receptor (ER)-positive subtype in postmenopausal women. Whether excess adiposity is associated with increased risk in women with a normal body mass index (BMI; calculated as weight in…
The Pregnancy Environment and Lifestyle Study-2 (PETALS-2) aims to identify psychosocial influences on healthy lifestyle behaviors — such as healthy eating, self-weighing, and physical activity — and examine their relation to weight retention and cardiometabolic profile in the transition from…
To examine the relationships between age at menarche, antral follicle count (AFC), and body mass index (BMI) in a multi-ethnic population of women. Community-based, cross-sectional study. Academic setting. A total of 245 African American women and 273 European American women,…
In resource-constrained facilities or during resuscitation, immediate paediatric weight estimation remains a fundamental challenge. We aimed to develop and validate weight estimation models based on ulna length and forearm width and circumference measured by simple and portable tools; and to…
Obesity is associated with increased incidence of chronic diseases such as type 2 diabetes mellitus, systemic hypertension, and other risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Obesity is also associated with increased use of outpatient clinical services, a metric of health care…
To estimate the risk of childhood obesity associated with the various criteria proposed for diagnosis of gestational diabetes (GDM), and the joint effects with maternal BMI. Cohort study of 46,396 women delivering at the Kaiser Permanente Northern California health care…
Bariatric surgery improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but less is known about microvascular outcomes. To investigate the relationship between bariatric surgery and incident microvascular complications of T2DM. Retrospective matched cohort study from 2005 to…
AIMS: Obesity is present in up to 45% of patients with heart failure (HF). Liraglutide, a glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) receptor antagonist, facilitates weight loss in obese patients. The efficacy of liraglutide as a weight loss agent among patients with HF…
Evaluate whether a tailored letter improved gestational weight gain (GWG) and whether GWG mediated a multicomponent intervention's effect on postpartum weight retention among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). A cluster-randomized controlled trial of 44 medical facilities (n = 2,014…
Few studies have investigated the changes in weight that may occur over time among adults with the progression of chronic kidney disease (CKD). Whether such weight changes are independently associated with death after the onset of end-stage renal disease has…
To determine whether a mobile-health (m-health) tool (accessible via smartphone or website) intervention for obese pregnant improves patient satisfaction with their gestational weight gain, quality of life, stress and depression during pregnancy. Provider satisfaction with discussing gestational weight gain among…
Studies suggest that ACE-inhibitors (ACE-I) and angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) may preserve skeletal muscle with aging. We evaluated longitudinal differences in lean body mass (LBM) among women diagnosed with hypertension and classified as ACE-I/ARB users and nonusers among Women's Health…
There are insufficient data on the long-term, nonsurgical, nonpharmacologic treatment of obesity. To determine changes in weight over 5 years in participants enrolled between April 1, 2007, and December 31, 2014, in a medically supervised weight management program at Kaiser…
While poor performance during a maximal graded exercise test (GXT) predicts cardiovascular events and premature mortality, the potential clinical importance of non-participation in a GXT, either for medical or non-medical reasons, is currently unknown. Data are from 4086 and 3547…
Higher sedentary time (ST) and lower moderate- to vigorous-intensity physical activity (MVPA) have each been associated with greater adiposity, but most studies are cross-sectional and measure ST and MVPA by self-report. This study evaluated associations between objective ST and MVPA…
The goal of this study was to determine whether the reduction in cancer risk after bariatric surgery is due to weight loss. A retrospective matched cohort study of patients undergoing bariatric surgery was conducted using data from a large integrated…
Background: Weight cycling, defined by an intentional weight loss and subsequent regain, commonly occurs in overweight and obese women and is associated with some negative health outcomes. We examined the role of various weight-change patterns during early to mid-adulthood and…
Little research examines whether adiposity or post-diagnosis weight changes influence Cardiovascular disease (CVD) among breast cancer patients for whom effects may differ due to treatment and recovery. We studied Stage I-III breast cancer survivors 18 to
To evaluate the impact of a population-based telephonic wellness coaching program on weight loss. Individual-level segmented regression analysis of interrupted time series data comparing the BMI trajectories in the 12 months before versus the 12 months after initiating coaching among…
Among overweight/obese pregnant women, we propose to develop and evaluate a randomized diet and physical activity intervention tailored to mothers and feasible in a health plan setting, with the goal of ameliorating inappropriate gestational weight gain.
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to examine the relationships between in-hospital and post-discharge body weight changes and outcomes among patients hospitalized for acute heart failure (AHF).BACKGROUND: Body weight changes during and after hospitalization for AHF and the relationships with outcomes have…
An understanding of the dietary behaviors linked to substantial postpartum weight retention, particularly in women diagnosed with gestational diabetes (GDM), is warranted to focus intervention efforts to prevent future type 2 diabetes. This study evaluates the relationship between dietary food…
To examine whether changes in diet quality predict changes in central adiposity among postmenopausal women. At baseline and 3-year follow-up, Women's Health Initiative Observational Study participants completed food frequency questionnaires, and waist circumference was measured (WC, n = 67,175). In a subset,…
PURPOSE: Obesity and diet quality are two distinct lifestyle factors associated with morbidity and mortality among breast cancer survivors. The purposes of this study were to examine diet quality changes during a weight loss intervention among breast cancer survivors and…
To examine 25-year trends in weight gain, partitioned by time-related and aging-related changes, during early and middle adulthood. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA), a prospective, non-nationally representative cohort study conducted at four urban field centers that began…
The emerging body of research suggests the unprecedented increase in housing foreclosures and unemployment between 2007 and 2009 had detrimental effects on health. Using data from electronic health records of 105,919 patients with diabetes in Northern California, this study examined…
OBJECTIVES: Associations of gestational weight gain (GWG) during specific periods of pregnancy with infant birth size have been inconsistent. Infant sex-specific differences in these associations are unknown METHODS: Information on GWG (kg) [total, early (
OBJECTIVE: To examine the associations between gestational weight gain (GWG) exceeding Institute of Medicine (IOM) guidelines and neonatal adiposity in the five North American field centers of the Hyperglycemia and Adverse Pregnancy Outcome study.METHODS: GWG was categorized as less than,…
To examine self-reported weight discrimination and differences based on race, sex, and BMI in a biracial cohort of community-based middle-aged adults. Participants (3,466, mean age = 50 years, mean BMI = 30 kg/m²) of the Coronary Artery Risk Development in…
PURPOSE: Hot flashes (HF) affect a large proportion of breast cancer (BC) survivors and can negatively affect their quality of life. Treatments other than estrogen replacement to alleviate HF are needed. Body weight is related to hot flashes, but little…
Social support could be a powerful weight-loss treatment moderator or mediator but is rarely assessed. We assessed the psychometric properties, initial levels, and predictive validity of a measure of perceived social support and sabotage from friends and family for healthy…
PURPOSE: Numerous studies show associations between father absence and girls' early puberty. However, most research has been retrospective, focused on menarche, and failed to consider body mass index (BMI), ethnicity, and income in the analyses. This study resolves these scientific…
INTRODUCTION: It has been > 25 years since it was first discovered that arginine vasopressin levels are elevated in heart failure and this elevation is proportional to the severity of heart failure. Tolvaptan is an oral nonpeptide V₂-selective antagonist and…
This prospective study tested whether (a) baseline outcome expectations regarding the benefits of a weight-loss diet, (b) 6-month outcome realizations regarding perceived benefits actually experienced, and/or (c) the interaction between them predicted 6-12-month weight regain among overweight/obese women randomized to…
CONTEXT: Data supporting physical activity guidelines to prevent long-term weight gain are sparse, particularly during the period when the highest risk of weight gain occurs. OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the relationship between habitual activity levels and changes in body mass index…
Factors influencing gestational weight gain are incompletely understood, particularly among Hispanic women. We assessed medical, sociodemographic, behavioral, and psychosocial predictors of overall gestational weight gain, as well as gains below, within, or above the range recommended by the Institute of…
Shorter sleep duration is linked to obesity, coronary artery disease, and diabetes. Whether sleep deprivation during the postpartum period affects maternal postpartum weight retention remains unknown. This study examined the association of sleep at 6 months postpartum with substantial postpartum…
BACKGROUND: Obesity in the United States has increased significantly during the past several decades. The role of calcium in the maintenance of a healthy body weight remains controversial. METHODS: A randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was performed with 36 282 postmenopausal…
Adiposity has been recognized as a risk factor for colorectal adenoma, but the influence of weight gain, adipose tissue distribution, and possible differences between ethnic/racial and gender groups remains unanswered. The aim of this prospective study was to examine the…
CONTEXT: Obesity in the United States has increased dramatically during the past several decades. There is debate about optimum calorie balance for prevention of weight gain, and proponents of some low-carbohydrate diet regimens have suggested that the increasing obesity may…
OBJECTIVE: Gestational weight gain consistent with the Institute of Medicine's recommendations is associated with better maternal and infant outcomes. The objective was to quantify the effect of pre-pregnancy factors, pregnancy-related health conditions, and modifiable pregnancy factors on the risks of…
To examine effects of body size change on postmenopausal breast cancer, the authors conducted a population-based case-control study among 990 cases and 1,006 controls participating in the Long Island Breast Cancer Study Project in 1996-1997. Women who had gained more…
PURPOSE: Hormonal changes associated with menopause, chronological aging, and lifestyle, specifically physical activity, may all influence the changes in body composition and fat distribution experienced by midlife women. This cross-sectional study examined those relations in a representative sample of 248…
OBJECTIVE: To study the relationships among prepregnancy body mass index (BMI), women's target gestational weight gain, and provider weight gain advice. METHODS: Project WISH, the acronym for Women and Infants Starting Healthy, is a longitudinal cohort study of pregnant women…
Controversy exists regarding the extent to which age, menopausal status, and/or lifestyle behaviors account for the increased weight, fat mass, and central adiposity experienced by midlife women. To address this question, the authors longitudinally examined the relations of aging, menopausal…
OBJECTIVE: To identify the factors associated with weight gain after diagnosis of breast cancer in a heterogeneous population of women. DESIGN: Descriptive cross-sectional study. SUBJECTS: 1,116 patients who had been diagnosed with stage I, stage II, or stage IIIA primary,…
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