Risk Factors for Adverse Outcomes by Left Ventricular Ejection Fraction in a Contemporary Heart Failure Population

BACKGROUND: Although heart failure (HF) is a syndrome with important differences in response to therapy by left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), existing risk stratification models typically group all HF patients together. The relative importance of common predictor variables for important clinical outcomes across strata of LVEF is relatively unknown. METHODS AND RESULTS: We identified all members with HF between 2005 and 2008 from 4 integrated healthcare systems in the Cardiovascular Research Network. LVEF was categorized as preserved (LVEF >/= 50% or normal), borderline (41%-49% or mildly reduced), and reduced (

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