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Patients with diabetes who used online tools managed their disease better

Kaiser Permanente study finds improved health outcomes after portal, phone app use

 

Patients with diabetes who used the Kaiser Permanente patient portal and mobile phone app improved their diabetes management outcomes, according to an analysis published Feb. 19 in JAMA Network Open.

The large study, involving more than 111,000 patients, was unique in linking online tools with health outcomes such as medication adherence and blood glucose levels, said senior author Mary Reed, DrPH, a research scientist with the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Division of Research.

Mary Reed, DrPH, research scientist with the Division of Research

“This is an example of how the health care system, by offering patients access to their own information and the ability to manage their health care online, can improve their health,” Reed said. “Offering this in a mobile-friendly way can give even more patients the ability to engage with their health care. It literally puts the access to these tools in the patient’s own pocket wherever they go.”

The study looked at Kaiser Permanente Northern California patients with diabetes who were taking an oral diabetes medication but not insulin. The researchers compared patients’ portal use from 2015 to 2017. Online tools available to Kaiser Permanente members include prescription management, viewing test results, corresponding by secure message with clinicians, making appointments, and access to general health information.

Over the 33-month study period, the proportion of patients using the portal from both a computer and a mobile device increased from 34% to 62%. The greatest improvement in health outcomes was among patients with a higher baseline hemoglobin A1c level (HbA1c); in these patients, moving from no portal access to both computer and mobile app was associated with a 5.09 percentage point increase in percent of days covered by medication and 0.19 percentage point lower HbA1c level.

Ilana Graetz, PhD, associate professor, Emory University Rollins School of Public Health. Photo courtesy Emory University

The study’s lead author was Ilana Graetz, PhD, an associate professor in the Emory University Department of Health Policy and Management. “Patients with greater clinical need were able to benefit even more from mobile portal access, both in taking their medications more often and in actually improving blood sugar levels,” Graetz said.

Among all patients studied, moving from no portal use to using both methods was associated with a 1.67 percentage point increase in medication adherence and 0.13 percentage point lower HbA1c level.

“These modest but clinically meaningful improvements in HbA1c associated with gaining mobile portal access may result in potential downstream prevention or reduction in complications or other adverse clinical health events,” the authors wrote.

A strength of the study design was that patients were compared with their own previous behavior rather than with other patients whose differing demographics and lifestyle could complicate the analysis.

Patients who used online tools increased medication adherence (measured as percentage of days covered by medication, PDC)

In previously published research, Graetz reported that patients who accessed the tools only on mobile devices were more likely to belong to racial and ethnic minorities, live in lower socioeconomic status neighborhoods, or have lower medication adherence. Reed said this insight suggests an opportunity for health systems to use mobile apps to reach vulnerable patients who might have barriers to engaging with health care.

The study was the latest publication to result from a 10-year project headed by Reed and funded by the National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, to examine the role of health information technology in managing diabetes. Reed and colleagues explored how medical providers use electronic health records to collaborate and improve patient care. As time went on and patients gained more access to health information online, the study shifted focus.

“We first found that when a physician uses an electronic health record, their patients have better control of their diabetes and have their care managed so they don’t end up in the emergency room as often,” Reed said. “And we are now also finding that patients can use technology to better manage their own care, their medications, and their diabetes.”

Reed’s group is continuing this line of inquiry to study the impact of video telemedicine visits on diabetes care and self-management.

Coauthors included Jie Huang, PhD, and Bruce Fireman, PhD, of the Kaiser Permanente Division of Research, Emilie R. Muelly, MD, of Kaiser Permanente Santa Clara, and John Hsu, MD, MBA, of the Mongan Institute and Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital.

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