Kaiser Permanente researchers — working with colleagues in public health and other research institutions — identified 78 new locations on the genome of SARS-CoV-2 that could relate to how the virus infects a person and impacts their health.
This study examined atypical antipsychotic prescribing by Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved-use (on-label) status for adolescents before and during the COVID-19 pandemic. Retrospective data were collected from electronic health records (EHRs) of adolescents aged 10-17 years in Kaiser Permanente…
Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) treatment reduces tuberculosis (TB) disease and mortality; however, the population-level impact of universal HIV-test-and-treat interventions on TB infection and transmission remain unclear. In a sub-study nested in the SEARCH trial, a community cluster-randomized trial (NCT01864603), we…
Understanding the relative contributions of SARS-CoV-2 infection-induced and vaccine-induced seroprevalence is key to measuring overall population-level seroprevalence and help guide policy decisions. Using a series of six population-based cross-sectional surveys conducted among persons aged ≥7 years in a large health…
Demand for surveillance colonoscopy can sometimes exceed capacity, such as during and following the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic, yet no tools exist to prioritize the patients most likely to be diagnosed with colorectal cancer (CRC) among those awaiting surveillance colonoscopy…
Myalgic encephalomyelitis/chronic fatigue syndrome (ME/CFS) can be triggered by infectious agents including severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, the impact of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic on ME/CFS prevalence is not well characterized. In this population-based cross-sectional…
Cluster randomized trials (CRTs) often enroll large numbers of participants; yet due to resource constraints, only a subset of participants may be selected for outcome assessment, and those sampled may not be representative of all cluster members. Missing data also…
The association between SARS-CoV-2 genomic variation and breakthrough infection is not well-defined among persons with Delta variant SARS-CoV-2 infection. In a retrospective cohort we assessed whether individual non-lineage defining mutations and overall genomic variation (including low frequency alleles) were associated…
Mixed evidence exists of associations between mobility data and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) case rates. We aimed to evaluate the county-level impact of reducing mobility on new COVID-19 cases in summer/fall of 2020 in the United States and to demonstrate…
BACKGROUND: Despite longstanding guidelines endorsing isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) for people with HIV, uptake is low across sub-Saharan Africa. Mid-level health managers oversee IPT programmes nationally; interventions aimed at this group have not been tested. We aimed to establish whether…
BACKGROUND: Oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) is highly effective for HIV prevention, but data are limited on HIV incidence among PrEP users in generalized epidemic settings, particularly outside of selected risk groups. We performed a population-based PrEP study in rural Kenya…
BACKGROUND: Linear mixed models (LMM) are a common approach to analyzing data from cluster randomized trials (CRTs). Inference on parameters can be performed via Wald tests or likelihood ratio tests (LRT), but both approaches may give incorrect Type I error…
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