Escobar, Gabriel J.
Research interests include the outcomes of neonatal intensive care.
Liu, Vincent
Research interests include health services research and health information technology
Associations of Blood Donor Component and Transfusion Practice Factors on Infectious Outcomes
This study will assess whether rates of hospital-acquired infections in Kaiser Permanente Northern California are impacted by changes in red…
Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease Prevalence and Associated Mortality (NAFLD PAM)
This study will investigate the incremental yield of using radiology imaging report information to diagnose non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)…
Prediction of Postoperative Urinary Retention in a Large Integrated Health System
Postoperative urinary retention (POUR) is the inability to void despite a full bladder following a surgical procedure. POUR can result…
Tools for Outpatient and Population Management of SARS-COV-2 Infection (TOPS2)
This project aims to improve The Permanente Medical Group's capability for outpatient and population management of adults with COVID-19. It…
A Multicenter, Randomized, Placebo-controlled Pragmatic Phase 3 Study Investigating the Efficacy and Safety of Rivaroxaban to Reduce the Risk of Major Venous and Arterial Thrombotic Events in Medically Ill Outpatients with Acute Symptomatic COVID-19 (PRE
This virtual, pragmatic randomized clinical trial will evaluate whether rivaroxaban reduces the risk of a composite endpoint of major venous…
Comparison of Long-Term Adverse Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Having Ablation Versus Antiarrhythmic Medications
The impact of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation versus chronic antiarrhythmic therapy alone on clinical outcomes such as death and…
Understanding and Informing Early Hospital Antibiotic Prescribing for Potential Infection
The goals of this study are to (1) examine temporal trends in early hospital antibiotic prescribing patterns over the past…
Sepsis on FHIR
Overall goal is to define and refine the current epidemiology, clinical characteristics, and treatment practices in respiratory failure in late…
Renin-Angiotensin System Blockade after Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) and Risk of Recurrent AKI
How to best medically manage patients who survived hospitalized AKI is unclear. Use of renin-angiotensin system blockers in this setting…
The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program and Readmissions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 2006-2015.
RATIONALE: In October 2012, the initial phase of the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP) imposed financial penalties on hospitals with…
ICU Utilization for Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Receiving Noninvasive Ventilation.
OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease could safely receive noninvasive ventilation outside of the ICU.DESIGN: Retrospective…
An Examination of Medical Malpractice Claims Involving Physician Trainees.
PURPOSE: To identify patient-, provider- and claim-related factors of medical malpractice claims in which physician trainees were directly involved in…
Multiyear Rehospitalization Rates and Hospital Outcomes in an Integrated Health Care System
Since the introduction of the rehospitalization rate as a quality measure, multiple changes have taken place in the US health…
Outcomes and Anticoagulation Use After Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Studies evaluating the effects of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic therapy on outcomes have shown mixed results. In…
Association of donor age, body mass index, hemoglobin, and smoking status with in-hospital mortality and length of stay among red blood cell-transfused recipients
Recent publications have reported conflicting findings regarding associations of blood donor demographics and mortality of transfused patients. We hypothesized that…
Uptake and safety of hepatitis A vaccination during pregnancy: A Vaccine Safety Datalink study
Infection with hepatitis A virus (HAV) during pregnancy, although uncommon, is associated with gestational complications and pre-term labor. Hepatitis A…
Effect of donor, component and recipient characteristics on hemoglobin increments following red blood cell transfusion
Significant research has focused individually on blood donors, product preparation and storage, and optimal transfusion practice. To better understand the…
Blood pressure lowering medication initiation and fracture risk: a SWAN pharmacoepidemiology study
We examined the fracture risk after initiation of blood pressure-lowering drugs compared with initiation of antidepressants. Multivariable regression models demonstrated…
Association of Blood Donor Sex and Prior Pregnancy With Mortality Among Red Blood Cell Transfusion Recipients
Evidence regarding associations of blood donor sex with mortality among red blood cell transfusion recipients is conflicting. To study associations…
Medical Malpractice Involving Pulmonary/Critical Care Physicians.
BACKGROUND: Medical malpractice data can be leveraged to understand specialty-specific risk.METHODS: Malpractice claims were examined from the Comparative Benchmarking System…
A Multicenter Phase 2 Study of the Efficacy, Safety, and Tolerability of Oral Full-Spectrum Microbiota (CP101) in Subjects with Recurrence of Clostridium Difficile Infection
The objectives of this Phase 2 study are to evaluate the safety and tolerability of CP101 treatment compared to placebo…
Statistical Modeling and Aggregate-Weighted Scoring Systems in Prediction of Mortality and ICU Transfer: A Systematic Review
The clinical deterioration of patientsin general hospital wards is an important safety issue. Aggregate-weighted early warning systems (EWSs) may not…
Targeting Cardiovascular Events to Improve Patient Outcomes After Sepsis
Sepsis is the most common illness leading to hospitalization in the United States, affecting more than 1 million Americans each…
Atopic Dermatitis Standing Cohort Using a Cohort of Kaiser Permanente Northern California Members
A cohort study of Kaiser Permanente Northern California patients with moderate-to-severe atopic dermatitis (AD) will be used to estimate baseline…
Long-Term Outcomes Among Patients Discharged From the Hospital With Moderate Anemia: A Retrospective Cohort Study
Randomized clinical trial findings support decreased red blood cell (RBC) transfusion and short-term tolerance of in-hospital anemia. However, long-term outcomes…
Racial discrimination in medical care settings and opioid pain reliever misuse in a U.S. cohort: 1992 to 2015
In the United States whites are more likely to misuse opioid pain relievers (OPRs) than blacks, and blacks are less…
Coadministration of 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate and quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccines in adults previously immunized with polysaccharide pneumococcal vaccine 23: a randomized clinical trial
Immune responses to 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine (PCV13) and quadrivalent inactivated influenza vaccine (QIV) in older adults may vary with…
Increasing Safe Outpatient Management of Emergency Department Patients With Pulmonary Embolism: A Controlled Pragmatic Trial
Many low-risk patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in the emergency department (ED) are eligible for outpatient care but are…
Is Time From Last Hospitalization for Heart Failure to Placement of a Primary Prevention Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillator Associated With Patient Outcomes?
Landmark studies have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) in selected stable ambulatory patients with heart failure…
It Takes a Network: A Network Science- and Command Center-Based Approach to Hospital Error Detection, Prevention, and Mitigation
This project aims to develop a set of algorithms for generic error detection, prevention, and mitigation in the hospital setting.…
The Impact of Acute Organ Dysfunction on Long-Term Survival in Sepsis
To estimate the impact of each of six types of acute organ dysfunction (hepatic, renal, coagulation, neurologic, cardiac, and respiratory)…
Post-licensure safety surveillance study of routine use of quadrivalent meningococcal diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine (MenACWY-D) in infants and children
Menactra® vaccine (MenACWY-D) was licensed in the United States in 2005 for persons 11-55 years of age, in 2007 for children…
Healthcare Utilization and Infection in the Week Prior to Sepsis Hospitalization
To quantify healthcare utilization in the week preceding sepsis hospitalization to identify potential opportunities to improve the recognition and treatment…
FY16 Sentinel Infrastructure, Methods and Surveillance
This project consists of tasks required for data partners in the Food and Drug Administration’s Sentinel Initiative under the initiative’s…
Methods for addressing “innocent bystanders” when evaluating safety of concomitant vaccines
The need to develop methods for studying the safety of childhood immunization schedules has been recognized by the Institute of…
Flexible, Cluster-Based Analysis of the Electronic Medical Record of Sepsis with Composite Mixture Models
The widespread adoption of electronic medical records (EMRs) in healthcare has provided vast new amounts of data for statistical machine…
Rationale and design of the comParIson Of sacubitril/valsartaN versus Enalapril on Effect on nt-pRo-bnp in patients stabilized from an acute Heart Failure episode (PIONEER-HF) trial.
OBJECTIVE: The objective is to assess the safety, tolerability, and efficacy of sacubitril/valsartan compared with enalapril in patients with heart…
Hospital-Acquired Pressure Injury: Risk-Adjusted Comparisons in an Integrated Healthcare Delivery System
Although healthcare organizations have decreased hospital-acquired pressure injury (HAPI) rates, HAPIs are not eliminated, driving further examination in both nursing…
Benefits of Intensive Care Unit Admission for Patients with Acute Respiratory Failure or Sepsis
Ideal and optimally efficient use of intensive care unit (ICU) resources would create benefits across the health care system. Ideal…
A review of the performance of different methods for propensity score matched subgroup analyses and a summary of their application in peer-reviewed research studies
When evaluating safety signals, there is often interest in understanding safety in all patients for whom compared treatments are reasonable…
Short-Term Outcomes and Factors Associated With Adverse Events Among Adults Discharged From the Emergency Department After Treatment for Acute Heart Failure
Although 80% of patients with heart failure seen in the emergency department (ED) are admitted, less is known about short-term…
Clinical Immunization Safety Assessment (CISA), 1) Clinical Evaluation Activities and 2) Rapid Assessment of Post-Immunization Data (RAPID) Project
The purpose of this project is to provide the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Immunization Safety Office with…
Comparison of Inappropriate Shocks and Other Health Outcomes Between Single- and Dual-Chamber Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators for Primary Prevention of Sudden Cardiac Death: Results From the Cardiovascular Research Network Longitudinal Study of Implantable Cardioverter-Defibrillators
In US clinical practice, many patients who undergo placement of an implantable cardioverter-defibrillator (ICD) for primary prevention of sudden cardiac…
Risk of venous thromboembolism following influenza vaccination in adults aged 50years and older in the Vaccine Safety Datalink
Influenza-like illness and inflammation are known risk factors for venous thromboembolism (VTE), which includes deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and pulmonary…
The Timing of Early Antibiotics and Hospital Mortality in Sepsis
Prior sepsis studies evaluating antibiotic timing have shown mixed results. To evaluate the association between antibiotic timing and mortality among…
Post-licensure safety surveillance study of routine use of quadrivalent meningococcal diphtheria toxoid conjugate vaccine
Menactra� vaccine (MenACWY-D) was licensed in the United States in 2005 for persons 11-55years of age. The aim of this…
A Quantitative, Risk-Based Approach to the Management of Neonatal Early-Onset Sepsis
Current algorithms for management of neonatal early-onset sepsis (EOS) result in medical intervention for large numbers of uninfected infants. We…
The association between physician turnover (the “July Effect”) and survival after in-hospital cardiac arrest.
IMPORTANCE: The July Effect refers to adverse outcomes that occur as a result of turnover of the physician workforce in…
Long-term Benefits and Risks of Bariatric Surgery in Integrated Care Systems
The objective of this study is to provide surveillance of bariatric surgery outcomes and safety.
Implementation of a multicenter performance improvement program for early detection and treatment of severe sepsis in general medical-surgical wards
Sepsis is a leading cause of in-hospital death, and evidence suggests a higher mortality in patients presenting with sepsis on…
Piloting electronic medical record-based early detection of inpatient deterioration in community hospitals
Patients who deteriorate in the hospital outside the intensive care unit (ICU) have higher mortality and morbidity than those admitted…
Early detection, prevention, and mitigation of critical illness outside intensive care settings
Patients who deteriorate outside the intensive care unit (ICU) are known to have elevated mortality and morbidity. Rapid response teams…
In-hospital mortality following treatment with red blood cell transfusion or inotropic therapy during early goal-directed therapy for septic shock: a retrospective propensity-adjusted analysis
We sought to investigate whether treatment of subnormal (
Multicenter Implementation of a Treatment Bundle for Sepsis Patients with Intermediate Lactate Values
Treatments for patients with sepsis with intermediate lactate values (?2 and
Developing a New Definition and Assessing New Clinical Criteria for Septic Shock: For the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)
Septic shock currently refers to a state of acute circulatory failure associated with infection. Emerging biological insights and reported variation…
Assessment of Clinical Criteria for Sepsis: For the Third International Consensus Definitions for Sepsis and Septic Shock (Sepsis-3)
The Third International Consensus Definitions Task Force defined sepsis as "life-threatening organ dysfunction due to a dysregulated host response to…
Variation in the Contents of Sepsis Bundles and Quality Measures: A Systematic Review
Sepsis contributes to one in every two to three inpatient hospital deaths. Early recognition and treatment are instrumental in reducing…
Impact of Relative Contraindications to Home Management in Emergency Department Patients with Low-Risk Pulmonary Embolism
Studies of adults presenting to the emergency department (ED) with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) suggest that those who are low…
Trends in red blood cell transfusion and 30-day mortality among hospitalized patients
Blood conservation strategies have been shown to be effective in decreasing red blood cell (RBC) utilization in specific patient groups.…
Incidence of malignancy in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma treated with or without omalizumab(?)
The Epidemiologic Study of Xolair (omalizumab): Evaluating Clinical Effectiveness and Long-term Safety in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Asthma (EXCELS) assessed the…
Stratification of Risk of Early-Onset Sepsis in Newborns >=34 Weeks’ Gestation
To define a quantitative stratification algorithm for the risk of early-onset sepsis (EOS) in newborns ? 34 weeks' gestation. We…
Fluid Volume, Lactate Values, and Mortality in Sepsis Patients with Intermediate Lactate Values
Patients with severe sepsis without shock or tissue hypoperfusion face substantial mortality; however, treatment guidelines are lacking. To evaluate the…
Visitation policies and practices in United States intensive care units
Prior reports suggest that restrictive ICU visitation policies can negatively impact patients and their loved ones. However, visitation practices in…
The disconnect between phase II and phase III trials of drugs for heart failure.
Hospitalization for heart failure (HF) is a clinical entity associated with high postdischarge morbidity and mortality, yet few therapies are…
Safety of Quadrivalent Human Papillomavirus Vaccine Administered Routinely to Females
OBJECTIVE: To assess the safety of the quadrivalent human papillomavirus vaccine (HPV4) in females following routine administration. DESIGN: In a…
The association between sepsis and potential medical injury among hospitalized patients
BACKGROUND: Patient safety remains a national priority, but the role of disease-specific characteristics in safety is not well characterized. METHODS:…
Comparative safety of infliximab and etanercept on the risk of serious infections: does the association vary by patient characteristics?
PURPOSE: Infliximab, a chimeric monoclonal anti-TNFalpha antibody, has been found to increase the risk of serious infections compared with the…
Interpreting complete blood counts soon after birth in newborns at risk for sepsis
BACKGROUND: A complete blood count (CBC) with white blood cell differential is commonly ordered to evaluate newborns at risk for…
Thiazolidinediones and fractures: evidence from translating research into action for diabetes
BACKGROUND: Thiazolidinedione (TZD) treatment has been associated with fractures. The purpose of this study was to examine the association between…
Age and gender trends in long-term opioid analgesic use for noncancer pain
OBJECTIVES: We describe age and gender trends in long-term use of prescribed opioids for chronic noncancer pain in 2 large…
Opioid prescriptions for chronic pain and overdose: a cohort study
BACKGROUND: Long-term opioid therapy for chronic noncancer pain is becoming increasingly common in community practice. Concomitant with this change in…
Endoscopy is accurate, safe, and effective in the assessment and management of complications following gastric bypass surgery.
OBJECTIVES: Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) is a common intervention for morbid obesity. Upper gastrointestinal (UGI) symptoms are frequent and difficult…
Looking for Trouble in All the Right Places: The Legal Implications Associated with ‘Electronic Signatures’ and High-risk Clinical Situations
Background: Voluntary reporting systems identify only a fraction of medical errors. Electronic identification mechanisms, which are more efficient, have been…
Invited commentary: low cholesterol and nonartherosclerotic disease risk: a persistently perplexing question
In contrast to clinical trials using statin drugs, which suggest that cholesterol lowering from high to moderate levels is safe,…
