Nguyen-Huynh, Mai N.
Polygenic Risk Scores for Advancing CVD Risk Stratification among Asymptomatic Adults
Leveraging the GERA Cohort to evaluate the performance of a 12-SNP PRS for CVD against the Pool Cohorts Equation across…
Reducing Variation in Hospitalization and Processes of Care in Emergency Department Patients with Atrial Fibrillation: A Stepped Wedge Cluster Randomized Trial
This stepped-wedge cluster randomized trial will stagger implementation of a clinical decision support system (CDSS) across 13 KPNC emergency departments…
Optimizing Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surveillance and Intervention to Prevent Rupture
Optimizing Abdominal Aortic Aneurysm Surveillance and Intervention to Prevent Rupture
Potential accuracy of prehospital NIHSS-based triage for selection of candidates for acute endovascular stroke therapy
Whether patients with acute stroke and large vessel occlusion (LVO) benefit from prehospital identification and diversion by emergency medical services…
GUARD-AF: reducinG stroke by screening for UndiAgnosed atRial fibrillation in elderly inDividuals
To determine if one-time screening for atrial fibrillation using the 14-day Zio XT patch leads to a reduced risk of…
Temporal Trends in Stroke-Related Memory Change: Results From a US National Cohort 1998-2016
Findings from the Framingham Heart Study suggest that declines in dementia incidence rates over recent decades are partially due to…
Long-term Stroke Risk with Carotid Endarterectomy in Patients with Severe Carotid Stenosis
Informed debate regarding the optimal use of carotid endarterectomy (CEA) for stroke risk reduction requires contemporary assessment of both long-term…
Relationships of Inflammation Trajectories with White Matter Volume and Integrity in Midlife
Elevated inflammation is associated with worse late-life cognitive functioning and brain health. Our goal was to examine the relationship between…
Interventions Targeting Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Stroke Prevention and Treatment
Systemic racism is a public health crisis. Systemic racism and racial/ethnic injustice produce racial/ethnic disparities in health care and health.…
Elevated Depressive Symptoms and the Risk of Stroke among the Mexican Older Population
Several longitudinal studies in high-income countries suggest that depression increases stroke risk. However, few prior studies have evaluated this association…
Acute Stroke Presentation, Care, and Outcomes in Community Hospitals in Northern California During the COVID-19 Pandemic
Shelter-in-place (SIP) orders implemented to mitigate severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 spread may inadvertently discourage patient care-seeking behavior for…
Risk of Distal Embolization From tPA (Tissue-Type Plasminogen Activator) Administration Prior to Endovascular Stroke Treatment
In large artery occlusion stroke, both intravenous (IV) tPA (tissue-type plasminogen activator) and endovascular stroke treatment (EST) are standard-of-care. It…
Extended Window for Thrombectomy – Have we extended our resources appropriately and effectively
Study will evaluate the performance of the RAPID software interpretation of CT perfusion (CTP) studies and determination of qualifications for…
Outcomes and Anticoagulation Use After Catheter Ablation for Atrial Fibrillation
Studies evaluating the effects of atrial fibrillation (AF) catheter ablation versus antiarrhythmic therapy on outcomes have shown mixed results. In…
Neurocognitive Impairment and Dementia in People With and Without HIV
People with HIV infection are at increased risk for dementia, possibly due to the combined effects of HIV-associated inflammation and…
Duration and stability of metabolically healthy obesity over 30 years
Obese adults who are free from metabolic risk factors may develop risk factors over time. Our objective was to characterize…
Initiation of antidepressant medication and risk of incident stroke: using the Adult Changes in Thought cohort to address time-varying confounding
Depression strongly predicts stroke incidence, suggesting that treating depression may reduce stroke risk. Antidepressant medications, however, may increase stroke risk…
Blood Pressure Control and Cardiovascular Outcomes in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation (From the ORBIT-AF Registry)
Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and its association with clinical outcomes in atrial fibrillation (AF) patients in community practice are poorly…
Comparison of Cross-Sex Hormone Therapies in Relation to Risks of Vascular Events
The risk of acute thrombotic events such as venous thromboembolism (VTE) and ischemic stroke in transgender women receiving hormone therapy…
Use of Measures of Inflammation and Kidney Function for Prediction of Atherosclerotic Vascular Disease Events and Death in Patients With CKD: Findings From the CRIC Study
Traditional risk estimates for atherosclerotic vascular disease (ASVD) and death may not perform optimally in the setting of chronic kidney…
The Legacy Effect in Type 2 Diabetes: Impact of Early Glycemic Control on Future Complications (the Diabetes & Aging Study)
To examine for a legacy effect of early glycemic control on diabetic complications and death. This cohort study of managed…
Genome-wide association study of 23,500 individuals identifies 7 loci associated with brain ventricular volume
The volume of the lateral ventricles (LV) increases with age and their abnormal enlargement is a key feature of several…
Nor-Cal-CSC for Northern California Regional Coordinating Center
The Northern California Regional Coordinating Stroke Center (NorCal-CSC) is a joint effort between U.C. San Francisco and selected medical center(s)…
Comparison of Cross-Sex Hormone Therapies in Relation to Risks of Vascular Events – DUPLICATED DO NOT ACTIVATE
The risk of acute thrombotic events such as venous thromboembolism (VTE) and ischemic stroke in transgender women receiving hormone therapy…
Lung Function in Young Adults and Risk of Cardiovascular Events Over 29 Years: The CARDIA Study
Background Diminished peak lung function in young adulthood is a risk factor for future chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The association…
Cardiovascular Events after New-Onset Atrial Fibrillation in Adults with CKD: Results from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study
Atrial fibrillation (AF), the most common sustained arrhythmia in CKD, is associated with poor clinical outcomes in both patients without…
Effect of Variation in Published Stroke Rates on the Net Clinical Benefit of Anticoagulation for Atrial Fibrillation
Stroke rates in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (AF) who are not receiving anticoagulant therapy vary widely across published studies;…
Early therapeutic persistence on dabigatran versus warfarin therapy in patients with atrial fibrillation: results from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) registry
Anticoagulation is highly effective for the prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) but it is dependent on…
Association Between Bariatric Surgery and Macrovascular Disease Outcomes in Patients With Type 2 Diabetes and Severe Obesity
Macrovascular disease is a leading cause of morbidity and mortality for patients with type 2 diabetes, and medical management, including…
Pharmacotherapy for Atrial Fibrillation in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease: Insights From ORBIT-AF
Background Chronic kidney disease ( CKD ) is a common comorbidity in patients with atrial fibrillation. The presence of CKD…
Microvascular Outcomes in Patients With Diabetes After Bariatric Surgery Versus Usual Care: A Matched Cohort Study
Bariatric surgery improves glycemic control in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), but less is known about microvascular outcomes.…
Risk of Incident Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease Events by Achieved Atherogenic Lipid Levels Among 62,428 Statin-Treated Individuals With Diabetes Mellitus
The relevance of low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) or non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) goals for primary prevention of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease…
Stroke Risk and Treatment in Patients with Atrial Fibrillation and Low CHA2DS2-VASc Scores: Findings From the ORBIT-AF I and II Registries
Background Current American College of Cardiology/American Heart Association guidelines suggest that for patients with atrial fibrillation who are at low…
Cross-sex Hormones and Acute Cardiovascular Events in Transgender Persons: A Cohort Study
Venous thromboembolism (VTE), ischemic stroke, and myocardial infarction in transgender persons may be related to hormone use. To examine the…
Exome Chip Analysis Identifies Low-Frequency and Rare Variants in MRPL38 for White Matter Hyperintensities on Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging
Background and Purpose- White matter hyperintensities (WMH) on brain magnetic resonance imaging are typical signs of cerebral small vessel disease…
Long-Term Outcome in Unruptured Brain Arteriovenous Malformation Patients
This study has three aims: 1) To identify predictors of hemorrhage and poor outcome in the untreated course of unruptured…
Association of Burden of Atrial Fibrillation With Risk of Ischemic Stroke in Adults With Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation: The KP-RHYTHM Study
Atrial fibrillation is a potent risk factor for stroke, but whether the burden of atrial fibrillation in patients with paroxysmal…
Implementation Research to Address the United States Health Disadvantage: Report of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop
Four decades ago, U.S. life expectancy was within the same range as other high-income peer countries. However, during the past…
White matter microstructure, white matter lesions, and hypertension: An examination of early surrogate markers of vascular-related brain change in midlife
We examined imaging surrogates of white matter microstructural abnormalities which may precede white matter lesions (WML) and represent a relevant…
Population-based study of ischemic stroke risk after trauma in children and young adults
To quantify the incidence, timing, and risk of ischemic stroke after trauma in a population-based young cohort. We electronically identified…
Association of early left ventricular dysfunction with advanced magnetic resonance white matter and gray matter brain measures: The CARDIA study
Relations between heart failure and clinically manifested stroke are well known, but the associations between heart and brain early abnormalities…
Association Between Birth in a High Stroke Mortality State, Race, and Risk of Dementia
Birth in a group of predominantly southern US states is robustly linked to increased stroke risk. Given the role of…
Cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events among patients receiving omalizumab: Results from EXCELS, a prospective cohort study of moderate-to-severe asthma
EXCELS, a postmarketing observational cohort study, was a commitment to the US Food and Drug Administration to assess the long-term…
A Randomized, Double-Blind, Multinational Study to Prevent Major Vascular Events with Ticagrelor Compared to Aspirin in Patients with Acute Ischemic Stroke
The primary objective of the trial is to compare the effect of 90-day treatment with ticagrelor (180 mg [two 90…
Carotid Revascularization and Medical Management for Asymptomatic Carotid Stenosis Trial (CREST-2)
Carotid revascularization for primary prevention of stroke (CREST-2) is two independent multi-center, randomized controlled trials of carotid revascularization and intensive…
NINDS Stroke Trials Network Northern California Regional Coordinating Stroke Center
The primary goal of the NINDS Stroke Trials Network is to maximize efficiencies to develop, promote and conduct high-quality, multi-site…
Use of Oral Anticoagulant Therapy in Older Adults with Atrial Fibrillation After Acute Ischemic Stroke
To explore barriers to anticoagulation in older adults with atrial fibrillation (AF) at high risk of stroke and to identify…
Discovering Healthcare Innovations to Address Disparties in Stroke (DIADS)
Blood pressure control rates are known to differ by race and are likely be an important contributor to racial disparities…
Circulating Cellular Adhesion Molecules and Cognitive Function: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study
Higher circulating concentrations of cellular adhesion molecules (CAMs) can be used as markers of endothelial dysfunction. Given that the brain…
Race-ethnicity on blood pressure control after ischemic stroke: a prospective cohort study
Disparities in health care access and socioeconomic status (SES) have been associated with racial-ethnic differences in blood pressure (BP) control.…
How Well Do Stroke Risk Scores Predict Hemorrhage in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation?
The decision to use anticoagulants for atrial fibrillation depends on comparing a patient's estimated risk of stroke to their bleeding…
Association of Fibroblast Growth Factor 23 With Atrial Fibrillation in Chronic Kidney Disease, From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort Study
Levels of fibroblast growth factor 23 (FGF23) are elevated in chronic kidney disease (CKD) and strongly associated with left ventricular…
Impact of Increased Early Statin Administration on Ischemic Stroke Outcomes: A Multicenter Electronic Medical Record Intervention
Statin administration early in ischemic stroke may influence outcomes. Our aim was to determine the clinical impact of increasing statin…
Stability of High-Quality Warfarin Anticoagulation in a Community-Based Atrial Fibrillation Cohort: The Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study
Warfarin reduces ischemic stroke risk in atrial fibrillation (AF) but increases bleeding risk. Novel anticoagulants challenge warfarin as stroke-preventive therapy…
Neonatal seizures triple the risk of a remote seizure after perinatal ischemic stroke
To determine incidence rates and risk factors of remote seizure after perinatal arterial ischemic stroke. We retrospectively identified a population-based…
Initial management and outcomes after superficial thrombophlebitis: The Cardiovascular Research Network Venous Thromboembolism study
Although superficial thrombophlebitis (SVTE) is generally considered a benign, self-limited disease, accumulating evidence suggests that it often leads to more…
Cytochrome P450 and matrix metalloproteinase genetic modifiers of disease severity in Cerebral Cavernous Malformation type 1
BACKGROUND:Familial Cerebral Cavernous Malformation type 1 (CCM1) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the Krev Interaction Trapped…
First translational ‘Think Tank’ on cerebrovascular disease, cognitive impairment and dementia
As the human population continues to age, an increasing number of people will exhibit significant deficits in cognitive function and…
Effect of Diabetes and Glycemic Control on Ischemic Stroke Risk in AF Patients: ATRIA Study
Diagnosed diabetes mellitus (DM) is a consistently documented risk factor for ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The purpose…
Effect of Early Adult Patterns of Physical Activity and Television Viewing on Midlife Cognitive Function
Sedentary behaviors and physical inactivity are not only increasing worldwide but also are critical risk factors for adverse health outcomes.…
Is migraine a risk factor for pediatric stroke?
Our understanding of risk factors for childhood stroke is incomplete. In adults, migraine with aura is associated with a two-fold…
The Contemporary Safety and Effectiveness of Lower Extremity Bypass Surgery and Peripheral Endovascular Interventions in the Treatment of Symptomatic Peripheral Arterial Disease
Treatment for symptomatic peripheral artery disease includes lower extremity bypass surgery (LEB) and peripheral endovascular interventions (PVIs); however, limited comparative…
Genetics of cerebral cavernous malformations: current status and future prospects
Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are vascular lesions which affect up to 0.5% of the general population, predisposing to headaches, seizures,…
Intima-Media Thickness and Cognitive Function in Stroke-Free Middle-Aged Adults: Findings From the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study
The relationship between carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and cognitive function in midlife remains relatively unexplored. We examined the association…
Patients’ time in therapeutic range on warfarin among US patients with atrial fibrillation: Results from ORBIT-AF registry
Time in therapeutic range (TTR) of international normalized ratio (INR) of 2.0 to 3.0 is important for the safety and…
Changes in Depressive Symptoms and Incidence of First Stroke Among Middle-Aged and Older US Adults
BACKGROUND:Although research has demonstrated that depressive symptoms predict stroke incidence, depressive symptoms are dynamic. It is unclear whether stroke risk…
Evaluation of genetic risk loci for intracranial aneurysms in sporadic arteriovenous malformations of the brain
In genome-wide association studies (GWAS) five putative risk loci are associated with intracranial aneurysm. As brain arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and…
Multi-Ethnic Genome-Wide Association Study of Cerebral White Matter Hyperintensities on MRI
The burden of cerebral white matter hyperintensities (WMH) is associated with an increased risk of stroke, dementia, and death. WMH…
Digoxin and Risk of Death in Adults with Atrial Fibrillation: The ATRIA-CVRN Study
Digoxin remains commonly used for rate control in atrial fibrillation, but limited data exist supporting this practice and some studies…
Community-Based Case-Control Study of Childhood Stroke Risk Associated With Congenital Heart Disease
A better understanding of the stroke risk factors in children with congenital heart disease (CHD) could inform stroke prevention strategies.…
Urine Neutrophil Gelatinase-Associated Lipocalin and Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Death in CKD: Results From the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) Study
Chronic kidney disease is common and is associated with increased cardiovascular disease risk. Currently, markers of renal tubular injury are…
Vascular Factors and Multiple Measures of Early Brain Health: CARDIA Brain MRI Study
To identify early changes in brain structure and function that are associated with cardiovascular risk factors (CVRF). Cross-sectional brain Magnetic…
Common variants on 9p21.3 are associated with brain arteriovenous malformations with accompanying arterial aneurysms
To investigate whether previously reported 9p21.3 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are associated with risk of brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVM), which…
Effect of Statin Use During Hospitalization for Intracerebral Hemorrhage on Mortality and Discharge Disposition
Statin use during hospitalization is associated with improved survival and a better discharge disposition among patients with ischemic stroke. It…
Timing and number of minor infections as risk factors for childhood arterial ischemic stroke
In a population-based case-control study, we examined whether the timing and number of minor infections increased risk of childhood arterial…
HIV infection and incidence of ischemic stroke
To determine the association of HIV infection and immunodeficiency with incidence of ischemic stroke. Cohort study of HIV-positive and matched…
Effect of Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitors on Bleeding Risk in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation Taking Warfarin
Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) medications have been linked to increased bleeding risk; however, the actual association among warfarin, SSRI…
Higher plasma CXCL12 levels predict incident myocardial infarction and death in chronic kidney disease: findings from the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort study
Genome-wide association studies revealed an association between a locus at 10q11, downstream from CXCL12, and myocardial infarction (MI). However, the…
Outcomes registry for better informed treatment of atrial fibrillation II: Rationale and design of the ORBIT-AF II registry
Recent clinical trials have demonstrated the safety and efficacy of several non-vitamin K oral anticoagulants (NOACs) for the treatment of…
Comparative Effectiveness of Clopidogrel in Medically Managed Patients with Unstable Angina and non-ST Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction
This study sought to examine the effectiveness of clopidogrel in real-world, medically managed patients with unstable angina (UA) or non-ST-segment…
Lone Atrial Fibrillation: Does It Exist? A “White Paper” of the Journal of the American College of Cardiology
The historical origin of the term "lone atrial fibrillation" (AF) predates by 60 years our current understanding of the pathophysiology…
Drivers of hospitalization for patients with atrial fibrillation: Results from the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF)
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common cardiac dysrhythmia and contributes significantly to health care expenditures. We sought to assess…
Long-term survival after ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation
While the short-term impact of atrial fibrillation-related stroke has been well studied, surprisingly little is known about its long-term effect…
HIV/HCV coinfection ameliorates the atherogenic lipoprotein abnormalities of HIV infection
Higher levels of small low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses have been associated with increased…
Polymorphisms in inflammatory and immune response genes associated with cerebral cavernous malformation type 1 severity
BACKGROUND:Familial cerebral cavernous malformation type 1 (CCM1) is an autosomal dominant disease caused by mutations in the Krev Interaction Trapped…
Association of cardiovascular risk factors with disease severity in cerebral cavernous malformation type 1 subjects with the common Hispanic mutation
BACKGROUND:Cerebral cavernous malformations (CCM) are enlarged vascular lesions affecting 0.1-0.5% of the population worldwide and causing hemorrhagic strokes, seizures, and…
History of Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Future Risk of Atherosclerosis in Mid-life: The Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults Study
History of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) increases lifetime risk of type 2 diabetes (DM) and the metabolic syndrome (MetS), which…
Associations between ambient air pollution and prevalence of stroke and cardiovascular diseases in 33 Chinese communities
Inconsistent results have been reported that long-term exposure to ambient air pollution contributes to the increased prevalence of stroke and…
Role of trauma and infection in childhood hemorrhagic stroke due to vascular lesions
OBJECTIVE: Trauma and infection have been postulated as 'triggers' for hemorrhage from underlying brain vascular lesions (arteriovenous malformations, cavernous malformations,…
Acute seizures predict epilepsy after childhood stroke
To determine incidence rates and predictors of epilepsy after childhood stroke and compare these to published estimates of 3 to…
Risks and Benefits of Anticoagulation in Atrial Fibrillation: Insights From the Outcomes Registry for Better Informed Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation (ORBIT-AF) Registry
Patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) at the highest stroke risk derive the largest benefit from oral anticoagulation (OAC). Those with…
A New Risk Scheme to Predict Ischemic Stroke and Other Thromboembolism in Atrial Fibrillation: The ATRIA Study Stroke Risk Score
More accurate and reliable stroke risk prediction tools are needed to optimize anticoagulation decision making in patients with atrial fibrillation…
Comparison of Medication Practices in Patients With Heart Failure and Preserved Versus Those With Reduced Ejection Fraction (from the Cardiovascular Research Network [CVRN])
Limited data exist describing the differences in the medical treatment of patients with heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HF-PEF)…
Incident Atrial Fibrillation and Risk of End-Stage Renal Disease in Adults with Chronic Kidney Disease
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) frequently occurs in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD). However, the long-term impact of development of…
Daily Treatment Time and Functional Gains of Stroke Patients During Inpatient Rehabilitation
OBJECTIVE: To study the effects of daily treatment time on functional gain of patients who have had a stroke. DESIGN:…
Atrial fibrillation and outcomes in heart failure with preserved versus reduced left ventricular ejection fraction
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) and heart failure (HF) are 2 of the most common cardiovascular conditions nationally and AF frequently…
Use of Medications for Secondary Prevention After Coronary Bypass Surgery Compared With Percutaneous Coronary Intervention
OBJECTIVES: This study sought to compare use of evidence-based secondary preventive medications after coronary bypass surgery (CABG) and percutaneous coronary…
Renal Dysfunction as a Predictor of Stroke and Systemic Embolism in Patients with Nonvalvular Atrial Fibrillation: Validation of the R2CHADS2 Index in the ROCKET AF and ATRIA Study Cohorts
BACKGROUND: We sought to define the factors associated with the occurrence of stroke and systemic embolism in a large, international…
A genome-wide investigation of copy number variation in patients with sporadic brain arteriovenous malformation
Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVM) are clusters of abnormal blood vessels, with shunting of blood from the arterial to venous circulation…
Genetic risk factors for perinatal arterial ischemic stroke
The cause of perinatal arterial ischemic stroke is unknown in most cases. We explored whether genetic polymorphisms modify the risk…
Cardiovascular Predictors of Long-Term Outcomes After Non-Traumatic Subarachnoid Hemorrhage
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Cardiac injury is common after subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) and is associated with adverse early outcomes, but long-term…
Adult asthma and risk of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and heart failure: a prospective study of 2 matched cohorts
Asthma has been associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The authors ascertained the association of asthma with CVD and…
G Protein-Coupled Receptor 124 (GPR124) Gene Polymorphisms and Risk of Brain Arteriovenous Malformation
Abnormal endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis may contribute to brain arteriovenous malformation (BAVM) formation. G protein-coupled receptor 124 (GPR124) mediates embryonic…
Recent trauma and acute infection as risk factors for childhood arterial ischemic stroke
OBJECTIVE: Trauma and acute infection have been associated with stroke in adults, and are prevalent exposures in children. We hypothesized…
Longitudinal study of implantable cardioverter-defibrillators: methods and clinical characteristics of patients receiving implantable cardioverter-defibrillators for primary prevention in contemporary practice
BACKGROUND: Implantable cardioverter-defibrillators (ICDs) are increasingly used for primary prevention after randomized, controlled trials demonstrating that they reduce the risk…
Detection of Atrial Fibrillation After Stroke and the Risk of Recurrent Stroke
Failure to expeditiously diagnose atrial fibrillation (AF) as the cause of ischemic stroke has unclear consequences. We studied the association…
An update on type 2 diabetes, vascular dementia and Alzheimer’s disease
The risk of dementia is increased in people with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review gives an update on…
Detection of Paroxysmal Atrial Fibrillation by 30-Day Event Monitoring in Cryptogenic Ischemic Stroke: The Stroke and Monitoring for PAF in Real Time (SMART) Registry
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Patients with cryptogenic ischemic stroke may have undetected paroxysmal atrial fibrillation (PAF). We established the Stroke and…
Pharmacotherapy in Medicare Beneficiaries With Atrial Fibrillation
BACKGROUND: There are limited data regarding national patterns of pharmacotherapy for atrial fibrillation (AF) among older patients. Drug exposure data…
High critical care usage due to pediatric stroke: Results of a population-based study
OBJECTIVES: To measure intensive care unit (ICU) admission, intubation, decompressive craniotomy, and outcomes at discharge in a large population-based study…
Thirty-Day Mortality After Ischemic Stroke and Intracranial Hemorrhage in Patients With Atrial Fibrillation On and Off Anticoagulants
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Prescribing warfarin for atrial fibrillation depends in large part on the expected reduction in ischemic stroke risk…
Practice variation in neuroimaging to evaluate dizziness in the ED
BACKGROUND: The appropriate role of neuroimaging to evaluate emergency department (ED) patients with dizziness is not established by guidelines or…
Inpatient statin use predicts improved ischemic stroke discharge disposition
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether statin use is associated with improved discharge disposition after ischemic stroke. METHODS: We used generalized ordinal…
Antithrombotic Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation: Antithrombotic Therapy and Prevention of Thrombosis, 9th ed: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines
BACKGROUND: The risk of stroke varies considerably across different groups of patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). Antithrombotic prophylaxis for stroke…
Statin Use During Ischemic Stroke Hospitalization Is Strongly Associated With Improved Poststroke Survival
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Statins reduce infarct size in animal models of stroke and have been hypothesized to improve clinical outcomes…
The impact of the iPLEDGE program on isotretinoin fetal exposure in an integrated health care system
BACKGROUND: Preventing fetal exposure to isotretinoin is widely acknowledged as an important safety issue. The iPLEDGE program is the latest…
Validation of the Stroke Prognostic Instrument-II in a Large, Modern, Community-Based Cohort of Ischemic Stroke Survivors
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: The risk of recurrent stroke in the modern era of secondary stroke prevention is not well defined.…
Genetic variants in novel pathways influence blood pressure and cardiovascular disease risk
Blood pressure is a heritable trait influenced by several biological pathways and responsive to environmental stimuli. Over one billion people…
Outcomes registry for better informed treatment of atrial fibrillation: Rationale and design of ORBIT-AF
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained cardiac arrhythmia and is associated with an increased risk of stroke,…
Postacute care and ischemic stroke mortality: findings from an integrated health care system in northern california
OBJECTIVE: To study the association of postacute care (PAC) settings and mortality outcome of patients who sustained an ischemic stroke.…
Elevated BNP is associated with vasospasm-independent cerebral infarction following aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
BACKGROUND: Elevated levels of B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) have been associated with cardiac dysfunction and adverse neurological outcomes after subarachnoid…
A new risk scheme to predict warfarin-associated hemorrhage: The ATRIA (Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation) Study
OBJECTIVES: The purpose of this study was to develop a risk stratification score to predict warfarin-associated hemorrhage. BACKGROUND: Optimal decision…
Urgent neurology consultation from the ED for transient ischemic attack
OBJECTIVE: The objective of this study was to evaluate the association between urgent neurology consultation and outcomes for patients with…
Physical activity in older subjects is associated with increased coronary vasodilation: the ADVANCE study
OBJECTIVES: We investigated the association between physical activity and coronary vasodilation to nitroglycerin (NTG) in the ADVANCE (Atherosclerotic Disease, Vascular…
Ankle brachial index screening in asymptomatic older adults
BACKGROUND: Screening for peripheral arterial disease (PAD) by measuring ankle brachial index (ABI) in asymptomatic older adults is currently recommended…
Heavy smoking in midlife and long-term risk of Alzheimer disease and vascular dementia
BACKGROUND: Smoking is a risk factor for several life-threatening diseases, but its long-term association with dementia is controversial and somewhat…
Vascular risk factors and cognitive impairment in chronic kidney disease: the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC) study
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Cognitive impairment is common among persons with chronic kidney disease, but the extent to which nontraditional vascular…
Cost-effectiveness of dabigatran compared with warfarin for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation
BACKGROUND: Warfarin reduces the risk for ischemic stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF) but increases the risk for hemorrhage.…
Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) gene polymorphisms and risk of brain arteriovenous malformations
BACKGROUND: Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVM) are high-flow vascular lesions prone to intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Abnormal angiogenesis is a key characteristic…
Warfarin discontinuation after starting warfarin for atrial fibrillation
BACKGROUND: Although warfarin is widely recommended to prevent atrial fibrillation-related thromboembolism, many eligible patients do not take warfarin. The objective…
Cost-effectiveness of using high-sensitivity C-reactive protein to identify intermediate- and low-cardiovascular-risk individuals for statin therapy
BACKGROUND: Many myocardial infarctions and strokes occur in individuals with low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels below recommended treatment thresholds. High sensitivity…
Gender differences in treatment of severe carotid stenosis after transient ischemic attack
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Gender differences in carotid endarterectomy (CEA) rates after transient ischemic attack are not well studied, although some…
Comparison of 2 approaches for determining the natural history risk of brain arteriovenous malformation rupture
Estimating risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) for patients with unruptured brain arteriovenous malformations (AVMs) in the natural course is essential…
Population trends in the incidence and outcomes of acute myocardial infarction
BACKGROUND: Few studies have characterized recent population trends in the incidence and outcomes of myocardial infarction. METHODS: We identified patients…
Chronic kidney disease and prevalent atrial fibrillation: the Chronic Renal Insufficiency Cohort (CRIC)
BACKGROUND: The epidemiology of atrial fibrillation (AF) has been mainly investigated in patients with end-stage renal disease, with limited data…
Rethinking the epidemiology of acute myocardial infarction: challenges and opportunities
BACKGROUND: During the previous decade, many strategies for preventing acute myocardial infarction found to be efficacious in randomized controlled trials…
Standardized discharge orders after stroke: results of the quality improvement in stroke prevention (QUISP) cluster randomized trial
OBJECTIVE: Proven strategies to reduce risk of stroke recurrence are under-utilized. We sought to evaluate the impact of standardized stroke…
The 5-year direct medical cost of neonatal and childhood stroke in a population-based cohort
BACKGROUND: Despite increasing awareness of the long-term impact of pediatric stroke, there are few estimates of the costs of care.…
Reduced expression of integrin alphavbeta8 is associated with brain arteriovenous malformation pathogenesis
Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) are a rare but potentially devastating hemorrhagic disease. Transforming growth factor-beta signaling is required for proper…
Segment-specific associations of carotid intima-media thickness with cardiovascular risk factors: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) study
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: We propose to study possible differences in the associations between risk factors for cardiovascular disease (myocardial infarction…
Vision and creation of the American Heart Association pharmaceutical roundtable outcomes research centers
BACKGROUND: The field of outcomes research seeks to define optimal treatment in practice and to promote the rapid full adoption…
Disparities in outpatient and home health service utilization following stroke: results of a 9-year cohort study in Northern California
OBJECTIVE: To examine whether there are disparities in utilization of outpatient and home care services after stroke. DESIGN: Retrospective cohort…
Imaging data reveal a higher pediatric stroke incidence than prior US estimates
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Prior annualized estimates of pediatric ischemic stroke incidence have ranged from 0.54 to 1.2 per 100,000 US…
EPHB4 gene polymorphisms and risk of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with brain arteriovenous malformations
BACKGROUND: Brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) are a tangle of abnormal vessels directly shunting blood from the arterial to venous circulation…
Preclinical atherosclerosis due to HIV infection: carotid intima-medial thickness measurements from the FRAM study
BACKGROUND: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is an increasing cause of morbidity and mortality in HIV-infected patients. However, it is controversial whether…
Should patient characteristics influence target anticoagulation intensity for stroke prevention in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation?: the ATRIA study
BACKGROUND: Randomized trials and observational studies support using an international normalized ratio (INR) target of 2.0 to 3.0 for preventing…
Utilization of TCD screening for primary stroke prevention in children with sickle cell disease
BACKGROUND: In 1998, the Stroke Prevention Trial in Sickle Cell Anemia showed a >90% reduction in stroke rates after blood…
Impact of proteinuria and glomerular filtration rate on risk of thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation: the anticoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation (ATRIA) study
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation (AF) substantially increases the risk of ischemic stroke, but this risk varies among individual patients with AF.…
Cardiorespiratory fitness and coronary artery calcification in young adults: The CARDIA Study
Whether cardiorespiratory fitness relates to early subclinical atherosclerotic vascular disease remains unknown. We investigated the relation of cardiorespiratory fitness to…
Prevalence and predictors of perinatal hemorrhagic stroke: results from the kaiser pediatric stroke study
OBJECTIVES: Predictors for perinatal arterial ischemic stroke include both maternal and intrapartum factors, but predictors of perinatal hemorrhagic stroke have…
Prevention of atrial fibrillation: report from a national heart, lung, and blood institute workshop
The National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute convened an expert panel April 28 to 29, 2008, to identify gaps and…
The importance of cerebral aneurysms in childhood hemorrhagic stroke: a population-based study
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Prior population-based studies of pediatric hemorrhagic stroke (HS) had too few incident cases to assess predictors of…
Disparities in stroke rehabilitation: results of a study in an integrated health system in northern California
OBJECTIVE: To determine whether there are disparities in postacute stroke rehabilitation based on type of stroke, race/ethnicity, sex/gender, age, socioeconomic…
Midlife serum cholesterol and increased risk of Alzheimer’s and vascular dementia three decades later
AIMS: To investigate midlife cholesterol in relation to Alzheimer's disease (AD) and vascular dementia (VaD) in a large multiethnic cohort…
Common variants in interleukin-1-Beta gene are associated with intracranial hemorrhage and susceptibility to brain arteriovenous malformation
BACKGROUND: Polymorphisms in the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin (IL)-1beta gene have been associated with systemic atherogenesis, thrombosis and rupture. The aim…
Higher ABCD2 score predicts patients most likely to have true transient ischemic attack
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Some patients diagnosed with transient ischemic attack (TIA) in the emergency department may actually have alternative diagnoses…
Comparison of 12 risk stratification schemes to predict stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: More than a dozen schemes for stratifying stroke risk in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation have been…
Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation: American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Clinical Practice Guidelines (8th Edition)
This chapter about antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation (AF) is part of the American College of Chest Physicians Evidence-Based Guidelines…
How accurate is CT angiography in evaluating intracranial atherosclerotic disease?
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Digital subtraction angiography (DSA) is regarded as the gold standard in assessing degree of stenosis in intracranial…
Endothelial nitric oxide synthase polymorphism (-786T->C) and increased risk of angiographic vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Vasospasm after aneurysmal subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) remains a leading cause of death and disability after aneurysm rupture.…
Impaired coronary vasodilation by magnetic resonance angiography is associated with advanced coronary artery calcification
OBJECTIVES: This study evaluated the hypothesis that impaired nitroglycerin (NTG)-induced coronary vasodilation is associated with advanced coronary atherosclerosis in asymptomatic…
Factors associated with the decision to hospitalize patients after transient ischemic attack before publication of prediction rules
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: One important criterion for hospitalizing patients after transient ischemic attack (TIA) is the short-term risk of stroke.…
Effect of race/ethnicity on the efficacy of warfarin: potential implications for prevention of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most common sustained arrhythmia seen in clinical practice. It affects approximately 6% of persons over…
Population stratification in a case-control study of brain arteriovenous malformation in Latinos
BACKGROUND: Genetic association studies conducted in admixed populations may be confounded by population stratification resulting in spurious associations. The purpose…
Do plasma biomarkers of coagulation and fibrinolysis differ between patients who have experienced an acute myocardial infarction versus stable exertional angina?
BACKGROUND: Circulating concentrations of proteins associated with coagulation and fibrinolysis may differ between individuals with coronary artery disease (CAD) who…
Matrix metalloproteinase circulating levels, genetic polymorphisms, and susceptibility to acute myocardial infarction among patients with coronary artery disease
OBJECTIVE: The aim of this study was to assess systematic differences between patients with acute myocardial infarction (MI) and patients…
Polymorphisms in hypoxia inducible factor 1 and the initial clinical presentation of coronary disease
BACKGROUND: Only some patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) develop acute myocardial infarction (MI), and emerging evidence suggests vulnerability to…
Recurrent hemorrhagic stroke in children: a population-based cohort study
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Although hemorrhagic strokes (HS) account for half of all strokes in children, rates and predictors of recurrent…
GFR, body mass index, and low high-density lipoprotein concentration in adults with and without CKD
BACKGROUND: Low high-density lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol level is common in patients with chronic kidney disease, but associations between severity of…
Racial/Ethnic differences in longitudinal risk of intracranial hemorrhage in brain arteriovenous malformation patients
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Race/ethnicity is associated with overall incidence of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH), but its impact in patients with brain…
Death and disability from warfarin-associated intracranial and extracranial hemorrhages
OBJECTIVES: Little is known about the outcomes of patients who have hemorrhagic complications while receiving warfarin therapy. We examined the…
Risk of recurrent childhood arterial ischemic stroke in a population-based cohort: the importance of cerebrovascular imaging
OBJECTIVE: Few data exist regarding rates and predictors of recurrence after childhood arterial ischemic stroke. We sought to establish such…
Validation and refinement of scores to predict very early stroke risk after transient ischaemic attack
BACKGROUND: We aimed to validate two similar existing prognostic scores for early risk of stroke after transient ischaemic attack (TIA)…
National Stroke Association guidelines for the management of transient ischemic attacks
OBJECTIVE: Transient ischemic attacks are common and important harbingers of subsequent stroke. Management varies widely, and most published guidelines have…
Age and the risk of warfarin-associated hemorrhage: the anticoagulation and risk factors in atrial fibrillation study
OBJECTIVES: To assess whether older age is independently associated with hemorrhage risk in patients with atrial fibrillation, whether or not…
Reducing delay in seeking treatment by patients with acute coronary syndrome and stroke: a scientific statement from the American Heart Association Council on cardiovascular nursing and stroke council
Patient delay in seeking treatment for acute coronary syndrome and stroke symptoms is the major factor limiting delivery of definitive…
Apolipoprotein E epsilon 2 is associated with new hemorrhage risk in brain arteriovenous malformations
OBJECTIVE: Patients with brain arteriovenous malformation (AVM) are at life-threatening risk of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH). Identification of genetic variants associated…
Smoking status and common carotid artery intima-medial thickness among middle-aged men and women based on ultrasound measurement: a cohort study
BACKGROUND: Cigarette smoking is an established causal factor for atherosclerosis. However, the smoking effect on different echogenic components of carotid…
Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-238G>A promoter polymorphism is associated with increased risk of new hemorrhage in the natural course of patients with brain arteriovenous malformations
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Identification of single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with increased risk of new intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after brain arteriovenous…
Risk factors for pelvis fracture in older persons
From 1996 to 2001, the authors undertook a case-control study of 192 pelvis fracture cases (men and women) and 2,402…
Long-term hemorrhage risk in children versus adults with brain arteriovenous malformations
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Children with brain arteriovenous malformations (BAVMs) are said to be at higher risk for intracranial hemorrhage (ICH)…
Gender differences in the risk of ischemic stroke and peripheral embolism in atrial fibrillation: the AnTicoagulation and Risk factors In Atrial fibrillation (ATRIA) study
BACKGROUND: Previous studies provide conflicting results about whether women are at higher risk than men for thromboembolism in the setting…
Antithrombotic therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation (AF) is the most potent common risk factor for ischemic stroke. The number of Americans with nonvalvular AF…
Predictors of outcome in perinatal arterial stroke: a population-based study
Some infants with perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAS) experience development of cerebral palsy (CP), epilepsy, and cognitive impairment, whereas others…
The epidemiology of atrial fibrillation in elderly persons: the tip of the iceberg
Atrial fibrillation is the most common clinically relevant arrhythmia and preferentially afflicts elderly persons, especially persons aged >/=75 years, with…
Maternal and infant characteristics associated with perinatal arterial stroke in the infant
CONTEXT: Perinatal arterial ischemic stroke (PAS) is a common cause of hemiplegic cerebral palsy. Risk factors for this condition have…
Risk of hemorrhagic stroke in Asian American ethnic groups
The sparseness of prospective data about hemorrhagic stroke (HS) risk among Asian American ethnic groups led to the investigation of…
Advanced age, anticoagulation intensity, and risk for intracranial hemorrhage among patients taking warfarin for atrial fibrillation
BACKGROUND: The risk for atrial fibrillation-associated stroke increases at low anticoagulation intensities. However, higher intensities increase hemorrhage risk. Optimal use…
Perinatal stroke in children with motor impairment: a population-based study
OBJECTIVE: Risk factors for perinatal arterial stroke (PAS) are poorly understood. Most previous studies lack an appropriate control group and…
Longitudinal risk of intracranial hemorrhage in patients with arteriovenous malformation of the brain within a defined population
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Accurate estimates for risk and rates of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) in the natural course of patients harboring…
Efficacy of anticoagulation for stroke prevention and risk stratification in atrial fibrillation: translating trials into clinical practice
As one of the most powerful independent risk factors for ischemic stroke and the most clinically relevant arrhythmia, atrial fibrillation…
Cohort study of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke and risk of first ischemic stroke and transient ischemic attack
The independent effect of exposure to environmental tobacco smoke (ETS; passive smoking) on the risk of stroke is not well…
Head computed tomography findings predict short-term stroke risk after transient ischemic attack
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Current guidelines recommend the use of head CT in the evaluation of patients with transient ischemic attack…
Anticoagulation therapy for stroke prevention in atrial fibrillation: how well do randomized trials translate into clinical practice?
CONTEXT: Warfarin has been shown to be highly efficacious for preventing thromboembolism in atrial fibrillation in randomized trials, but its…
Effect of intensity of oral anticoagulation on stroke severity and mortality in atrial fibrillation
BACKGROUND: The incidence of stroke in patients with atrial fibrillation is greatly reduced by oral anticoagulation, with the full effect…
Factor V Leiden and risk of ischemic stroke in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study
BACKGROUND: Atrial fibrillation is a major cause of cardioembolic stroke. Since atrial and venous pressures are similar, genetic variants that…
A comparison of risk factors for recurrent TIA and stroke in patients diagnosed with TIA
BACKGROUND: Some spells consistent with TIA may be benign, such as those produced by migraine or migraine accompaniments in the…
Electrocardiographic findings predict short-term cardiac morbidity after transient ischemic attack
BACKGROUND: Current guidelines recommend the use of electrocardiography (ECG) in the evaluation of transient ischemic attack (TIA), but the data…
Alcohol drinking and risk of hemorrhagic stroke
In view of conflicting prior reports, we prospectively studied associations between alcohol consumption and subsequent hospitalization for hemorrhagic stroke (HS)…
Prevalence of diagnosed atrial fibrillation in adults: national implications for rhythm management and stroke prevention: the AnTicoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) Study
CONTEXT: Atrial fibrillation is the most common arrhythmia in elderly persons and a potent risk factor for stroke. However, recent…
Antithrombotic therapy in atrial fibrillation
Atrial fibrillation is a common condition affecting elderly individuals; as many as 10% of people older than age 80 years…
Short-term prognosis after emergency department diagnosis of TIA
CONTEXT: Management of patients with acute transient ischemic attack (TIA) varies widely, with some institutions admitting all patients and others…
Treatment and outcomes of left bundle-branch block patients with myocardial infarction who present without chest pain. National Registry of Myocardial Infarction 2 Investigators
OBJECTIVES: We sought to determine the importance of chest pain on presentation as a predictor of in-hospital treatment and mortality…
Implications of stroke risk criteria on the anticoagulation decision in nonvalvular atrial fibrillation: the Anticoagulation and Risk Factors in Atrial Fibrillation (ATRIA) study
BACKGROUND: Warfarin dramatically reduces the risk of stroke in patients with nonvalvular atrial fibrillation (NVAF) but increases the likelihood of…
Calcification of the aortic arch: risk factors and association with coronary heart disease, stroke, and peripheral vascular disease
CONTEXT: Calcium deposits in coronary and extracoronary arterial beds may indicate the extent of atherosclerosis. However, the incremental predictive value…
Association of hostility with coronary artery calcification in young adults: the CARDIA study. Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults
CONTEXT: Psychosocial factors, including personality and character traits, may play a role in the development and expression of coronary artery…
Stroke and cocaine or amphetamine use
The association of cocaine and amphetamine use with hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke is based almost solely on data from case…
Ischemic heart disease and stroke mortality in African-American, Hispanic, and non-Hispanic white men and women, 1985 to 1991
We compare recent trends in ischemic heart disease (IHD) and stroke mortality in California among the 6 major sex-racial or…
Norplant implants and cardiovascular disease
A 1995 publication on serious adverse events in users of Norplant implants submitted to the Food and Drug Administration's MedWatch…
Ischemic stroke and use of estrogen and estrogen/progestogen as hormone replacement therapy
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE: Information about the risk of stroke in current postmenopausal hormone users is limited. METHODS: In this case-control…