Iribarren, Carlos
Research interests include the genetic determinants of coronary disease.
Reducing Readmissions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease in Response to the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program
Rationale: In August 2013, the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program announced financial penalties on hospitals with higher than expected risk-adjusted 30-day…
Particulate Matter and Cardiovascular Risk in Adults with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
Rationale: People with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) have an increased risk of cardiovascular disease and may be more susceptible…
Longitudinal Associations of Fitness and Obesity in Young Adulthood With Right Ventricular Function and Pulmonary Artery Systolic Pressure in Middle Age: The CARDIA Study
Background Low cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and obesity are risk factors for heart failure but their associations with right ventricular (RV)…
Preventing COPD readmissions under the Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program: How far have we come?
The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program (HRRP) was developed and implemented by the Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services to curb…
The presence of emphysema on chest imaging and mid-life cognition
Airflow obstruction is associated with cognitive dysfunction but studies have not assessed how emphysema, a structural phenotype of lung disease,…
The Degree of the Predischarge Pulmonary Congestion in Patients Hospitalized for Worsening Heart Failure Predicts Readmission and Mortality
Prediction of readmission and death after hospitalization for heart failure (HF) is an unmet need. We evaluated the ability of…
Impact of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis on longitudinal healthcare utilization in a community-based cohort of patients
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a rare, chronic lung disease associated with substantial symptom burden, morbidity, and cost. Delivery of…
Occupation versus environmental factors in hypersensitivity pneumonitis: population attributable fraction
Despite well-documented case series of hypersensitivity pneumonitis (HP), epidemiological data delineating relative contributions of risk factors are sparse. To address…
Association of Mortality and Years of Potential Life Lost With Active Tuberculosis in the United States
Active tuberculosis (TB) disease leads to substantial mortality but is preventable through screening and treatment for latent TB infection. Early…
Understanding Racial/Ethnic Disparities in Lung Cancer Screening Utilization
This study proposes to understand patterns and multilevel determinants of racial/ethnic disparities in Lung Cancer Screening utilization from 2017 onward…
Maternal Marijuana Use During Pregnancy, Marijuana Legalization, and Adverse Obstetrical and Neonatal Outcomes: A 12-year Cohort Study (COVID-19 Revision)
As of March 26, 2020, there have been more than 80,000 cases and 1,000 deaths in the US due to…
COPD and lung cancer incidence in the Women’s Health Initiative Observational Study: A brief report
Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer mortality in both men and women in the United States. COPD is…
Adult Life-Course Trajectories of Lung Function and the Development of Emphysema: The CARDIA Lung Study
Peak lung function and rate of decline predict future airflow obstruction and nonrespiratory comorbid conditions. Associations between lung function trajectories…
ECHO Coordinating Center: Opportunities and Infrastructure Fund Component
The overall goal of this project is to demonstrate that the newly FDA-approved Airwave Oscillometry System (tremoFlo c-100, Thorasys) can…
Burden of Active Tuberculosis in an Integrated Health Care System, 1997-2016: Incidence, Mortality, and Excess Health Care Utilization
Active tuberculosis (TB) is preventable. To quantify the potential value of prevention, we assessed active TB burden in a large…
ICU Utilization for Patients With Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease Receiving Noninvasive Ventilation.
OBJECTIVES: We investigated whether patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease could safely receive noninvasive ventilation outside of the ICU.DESIGN: Retrospective…
The Hospital Readmissions Reduction Program and Readmissions for Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 2006-2015.
RATIONALE: In October 2012, the initial phase of the Hospital Readmission Reduction Program (HRRP) imposed financial penalties on hospitals with…
Treatment and Outcomes of Acute Pulmonary Embolism and Deep Venous Thrombosis: The Cardiovascular Research Network Venous Thromboembolism (CVRN VTE) Study
Few studies describe both inpatient and outpatient treatment and outcomes of patients with acute venous thromboembolism in the United States.…
Development of an algorithm to detect methotrexate wrong frequency error using computerized health care data
We validated an algorithm to detect frequency errors in computerized healthcare data and estimated the incidence of these errors in…
Community-based, Longitudinal Cohort of Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) Health System
The KPNC-ILD cohort will consist of approximately 10,000 patients with interstitial lung disease. It will be built through electronic health…
Community-Based, Longitudinal cohort of Patients with Interstitial Lung Disease in the Kaiser Permanente Northern California Health System
The study aim is to optimize the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) Interstitial Lung Disease (ILD) algorithm and establish the…
Medical Malpractice Involving Pulmonary/Critical Care Physicians.
BACKGROUND: Medical malpractice data can be leveraged to understand specialty-specific risk.METHODS: Malpractice claims were examined from the Comparative Benchmarking System…
Lung Function in Young Adults and Risk of Cardiovascular Events Over 29 Years: The CARDIA Study
Background Diminished peak lung function in young adulthood is a risk factor for future chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. The association…
Increasing Safe Outpatient Management of Emergency Department Patients With Pulmonary Embolism: A Controlled Pragmatic Trial
Many low-risk patients with acute pulmonary embolism (PE) in the emergency department (ED) are eligible for outpatient care but are…
Characteristics and outcomes of adults with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and atrial fibrillation
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is associated with the development of atrial fibrillation (AF), and may complicate treatment of AF.…
Examining Vaccine Effectiveness of Flublok Relative to Standard Dose Inactivated Influenza Vaccine Among Kaiser Permanente Northern California Members Aged 18-64 Years
This study employs a cluster randomization design to examine the vaccine effectiveness of Flublok relative to that of other flu…
Prevalence of infant bronchiolitis-coded healthcare encounters attributable to RSV
We sought to determine the proportion of bronchiolitis episodes attributable to respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) among ICD-9 coded infant bronchiolitis…
Association between Inhaled Corticosteroid Use and Pulmonary Nontuberculous Mycobacterial Infection
Nontuberculous mycobacterial (NTM) pulmonary disease prevalence is increasing. To determine the association between the use of inhaled corticosteroids and the…
Epidemiology, detection, and management of tuberculosis among end-stage renal disease patients
Tuberculosis (TB) remains an important problem among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients. We reviewed the epidemiology of TB and ESRD,…
Respiratory Symptoms in Young Adults and Future Lung Disease: The CARDIA Lung Study
There are limited data on factors in young adulthood that predict future lung disease. To determine the relationship between respiratory…
Implementation Research to Address the United States Health Disadvantage: Report of a National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute Workshop
Four decades ago, U.S. life expectancy was within the same range as other high-income peer countries. However, during the past…
Effectiveness of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Immunoprophylaxis on Bronchiolitis Hospitalizations among High-risk Infants
We sought to determine the real-world effectiveness of respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) immunoprophylaxis in a population-based cohort to inform policy.…
Treatment Effectiveness in Heart Failure with Comorbidity: Lung Disease and Kidney Disease
To assess the clinical effectiveness of beta-blocker therapy in individuals with heart failure (HF) and chronic lung disease and of…
Immunodeficiency, AIDS-related pneumonia, and risk of lung cancer among HIV-infected individuals
The objective is to clarify the role of immunodeficiency and pneumonia in elevated lung cancer risk among HIV-infected individuals. Cohort…
Lung Function Decline and Disease Risk from Young Adulthood to Middle Age
This study will take advantage of longitudinal data collection in CARDIA to evaluate the association between lung function and risk…
RSV immunoprophylaxis impact on RSV Morbidity and Asthma in Healthy Preterm Infants
The goal of this project is to conduct simulation analyses using an existing dataset (from our AHRQ-funded PRIMA study) to…
Shared Genetics of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease and Lung Cancer
Although COPD strongly predisposes to lung cancer, and both share tobacco smoke exposure as an etiologic risk factor, few studies…
Prevalence of childhood and adolescent overweight and obesity from 2003 to 2010 in an integrated health care delivery system
An observational study of the Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC) BMI coding distributions was conducted to ascertain the trends in…
Towards Smarter Lumping and Smarter Splitting: Rethinking Strategies for Sepsis and ARDS Clinical Trial Design
Both quality improvement and clinical research efforts over the past few decades have focused on consensus definition of sepsis and…
Pulmonary Oedema-Therapeutic Targets.
Pulmonary oedema (PO) is a common manifestation of acute heart failure (AHF) and is associated with a high-acuity presentation and…
Younger pubertal age is associated with allergy and other atopic conditions in girls
Early menarche is linked to higher incidence of adult asthma, suggesting that earlier puberty may influence type 2 immune response…
Epidemiology, pathophysiology, and in-hospital management of pulmonary edema: data from the Romanian Acute Heart Failure Syndromes registry.
AIM: The objective of this study was to evaluate the clinical presentation, inpatient management, and in-hospital outcome of patients hospitalized…
Incidence of malignancy in patients with moderate-to-severe asthma treated with or without omalizumab(?)
The Epidemiologic Study of Xolair (omalizumab): Evaluating Clinical Effectiveness and Long-term Safety in Patients with Moderate-to-Severe Asthma (EXCELS) assessed the…
Promotion of Lung Health: NHLBI Workshop on the Primary Prevention of Chronic Lung Diseases
Lung-related research primarily focuses on the etiology and management of diseases. In recent years, interest in primary prevention has grown.…
HIV/HCV coinfection ameliorates the atherogenic lipoprotein abnormalities of HIV infection
Higher levels of small low-density lipoprotein (LDL) and lower levels of high-density lipoprotein (HDL) subclasses have been associated with increased…
Risk Adjustment for Health Care Financing in Chronic Disease: What Are We Missing By Failing to Account for Disease Severity?
BACKGROUND: Adjustment for differing risks among patients is usually incorporated into newer payment approaches, and current risk models rely on…
Persistent recurring wheezing in the fifth year of life after laboratory-confirmed, medically attended respiratory syncytial virus infection in infancy
Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) infection in infancy is associated with subsequent recurrent wheezing. A retrospective cohort study examined children born…
Association between anti-TNF-alpha therapy and interstitial lung disease
BACKGROUND: Anti-tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-alpha) agents have been hypothesized to increase the risk of interstitial lung disease (ILD), including its…
Both Pulmonary and Extra-Pulmonary Factors Predict the Development of Disability in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
BACKGROUND: Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a major cause of disability worldwide, its determinants remain poorly defined. OBJECTIVE:…
Intakes of long-chain omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs and fish in relation to incidence of asthma among American young adults: the CARDIA study
BACKGROUND: Although long-chain omega-3 (n-3) PUFAs (LComega3PUFAs) have been linked to the prevention of some inflammatory disorders, little is known…
Adult asthma and risk of coronary heart disease, cerebrovascular disease, and heart failure: a prospective study of 2 matched cohorts
Asthma has been associated with increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. The authors ascertained the association of asthma with CVD and…
Detection of Atrial Fibrillation After Stroke and the Risk of Recurrent Stroke
Failure to expeditiously diagnose atrial fibrillation (AF) as the cause of ischemic stroke has unclear consequences. We studied the association…
Frequency, duration and predictors of bronchiolitis episodes of care among infants [greater than or equal to]32 weeks gestation in a large integrated healthcare system: a retrospective cohort study
BACKGROUND: Bronchiolitis is common in the first two years of life and is the most frequent cause of hospitalization in…
Relationship of obesity with respiratory symptoms and decreased functional capacity in adults without established COPD
BACKGROUND: Obesity contributes to respiratory symptoms and exercise limitation, but the relationships between obesity, airflow obstruction (AO), respiratory symptoms and…
Association between marijuana exposure and pulmonary function over 20 years
CONTEXT: Marijuana smoke contains many of the same constituents as tobacco smoke, but whether it has similar adverse effects on…
Risk factors for tuberculosis after highly active antiretroviral therapy initiation in the United States and Canada: implications for tuberculosis screening
BACKGROUND: Screening for tuberculosis prior to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) initiation is not routinely performed in low-incidence settings. Identifying…
Epidemiology of apnea and bradycardia resolution in premature infants
BACKGROUND: There is little epidemiologic evidence to assess the maturation of respiratory control in premature infants. OBJECTIVE: To measure the…
Ethnicity and risk of hospitalization for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
PURPOSE: To identify ethnic differences for risk of hospitalization for asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). METHODS: We undertook…
Respiratory and skeletal muscle strength in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: impact on exercise capacity and lower extremity function
PURPOSE: We sought to quantify the impact of respiratory muscle and lower extremity strength on exercise capacity and lower extremity…
Development of disability in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: beyond lung function
BACKGROUND: COPD is a major cause of disability, but little is known about how disability develops in this condition. METHODS:…
Socioeconomic status, race and COPD health outcomes
BACKGROUND: Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a common cause of death and disability, little is known about the…
Variation in diagnosis of apnea in moderately preterm infants predicts length of stay
OBJECTIVE: Apnea of prematurity is one of the most common diagnoses in the NICU. Because resolution of apnea is a…
Respiratory syncytial virus testing during bronchiolitis episodes of care in an integrated health care delivery system: a retrospective cohort study
BACKGROUND: Bronchiolitis has the highest incidence rate of any lower respiratory infection among infants and children /=41 weeks' GA. Bronchiolitis…
Recurrent wheezing in the third year of life among children born at 32 weeks’ gestation or later: relationship to laboratory-confirmed, medically attended infection with respiratory syncytial virus during the first year of life
OBJECTIVE: To quantify the relationship between recurrent wheezing (RW) in the third year of life and respiratory syncytial virus (RSV)…
Asthma and the prospective risk of anaphylactic shock and other allergy diagnoses in a large integrated health care delivery system
BACKGROUND: The association between asthma and anaphylaxis remains poorly understood. OBJECTIVE: To ascertain, in a managed care organization in northern…
The COPD Helplessness Index: a new tool to measure factors affecting patient self-management
BACKGROUND: Psychologic factors affect how patients with COPD respond to attempts to improve their self-management skills. Learned helplessness may be…
Measurement of COPD severity using a survey-based score: validation in a clinically and physiologically characterized cohort
BACKGROUND: A comprehensive survey-based COPD severity score has usefulness for epidemiologic and health outcomes research. We previously developed and validated…
COPD and cognitive impairment: the role of hypoxemia and oxygen therapy
BACKGROUND: several studies have shown an association between chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cognitive impairment. These studies have been…
Alcohol and lung airways function
BACKGROUND: Limited data suggest that moderate alcohol drinkers may have better lung airways function than abstainers. Because few studies have…
Patients diagnosed with diabetes are at increased risk for asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, pulmonary fibrosis, and pneumonia but not lung cancer
OBJECTIVE: There are limited data on the risk of pulmonary disease in patients with diabetes. The aim of this study…
Depression and health-related quality of life in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
BACKGROUND: Prior research on the risk of depression in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has yielded conflicting results. Furthermore, we…
Association of 20-year changes in cardiorespiratory fitness with incident type 2 diabetes: the coronary artery risk development in young adults (CARDIA) fitness study
OBJECTIVE: To test the association of fitness changes over 7 and 20 years on the development of diabetes in middle…
Occupational exposures and the risk of COPD: dusty trades revisited
BACKGROUND: The contribution of occupational exposures to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and, in particular, their potential interaction with cigarette…
The impact of SHS exposure on health status and exacerbations among patients with COPD
Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a major contributor to indoor air pollution. Because it contains respiratory irritants, it may adversely influence…
Incidental pulmonary nodules on cardiac computed tomography: prognosis and use
BACKGROUND: Small asymptomatic lung nodules are found frequently in the course of cardiac computed tomography (CT) scanning. However, the utility…
COPD as a systemic disease: impact on physical functional limitations
PURPOSE: Although chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) has a major impact on physical health, the specific impact of COPD on…
Risk factors for death in adults with severe asthma
BACKGROUND: Mortality risk in adult asthma is poorly understood, especially the interplay among race, disease severity, and health care access.…
Pulmonary function and the risk of functional limitation in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease
The authors' objective was to analyze the impact of respiratory impairment on the risk of physical functional limitations among adults…
Ozone exposure and lung function: effect modified by obesity and airways hyperresponsiveness in the VA normative aging study
BACKGROUND:Ozone has heterogeneous effects on lung function. We investigated whether obesity and airways hyperresponsiveness (AHR) modify the acute effects of…
Statin use reduces decline in lung function: VA Normative Aging Study
RATIONALE:Decreased lung function has been linked to increased inflammation and oxidative stress. Statins have demonstrated antiinflammatory and antioxidant properties.OBJECTIVES:We investigated…
Effect of race on asthma management and outcomes in a large, integrated managed care organization
BACKGROUND: Morbidity from asthma disproportionately affects black people. Whether this excess morbidity is fully explained by differences in asthma severity,…
Asthma drug use and the development of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS)
PURPOSE: Case reports suggest that leukotriene modifier use may be associated with the onset of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS). Using pooled…
Asymmetric dimethyl-arginine and coronary artery calcification in young adults entering middle age: the CARDIA Study
BACKGROUND: Normal endothelial function depends on nitric oxide (NO) release by endothelial cells. Asymmetric dimethylarginine (ADMA), by competing with L-arginine,…
Body composition and functional limitation in COPD
BACKGROUND: Low body mass index has been associated with increased mortality in severe COPD. The impact of body composition earlier…
The influence of cigarette smoking on adult asthma outcomes
Despite having a chronic respiratory disease, adults with asthma do not appear to selectively avoid smoking. We used data from…
The influence of perceived control of asthma on health outcomes
BACKGROUND: Psychosocial factors play an important role in outcomes of asthma. Perceived control, a measure of patients' beliefs about their…
Risk factors for work disability in severe adult asthma
PURPOSE: We aimed to elucidate the prevalence of and risk factors for work disability in severe adult asthma and to…
Menthol cigarettes, smoking cessation, atherosclerosis, and pulmonary function: the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Study
BACKGROUND: African American smokers are more likely to experience tobacco-related morbidity and mortality than European American smokers, and higher rates…
Directly measured second hand smoke exposure and asthma health outcomes
BACKGROUND: Because they have chronic airway inflammation, adults with asthma could have symptomatic exacerbation after exposure to second hand smoke…
COPD and incident cardiovascular disease hospitalizations and mortality: Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program
STUDY OBJECTIVES: To determine the relationship between diagnosed and treated COPD and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) hospitalization and…
The impact of allergy and pulmonary specialist care on emergency asthma utilization in a large managed care organization
OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the longitudinal impact of asthma specialist care on the risk of emergency department (ED) visits and hospitalization…
Organizational barriers to physician participation in cancer clinical trials
OBJECTIVE: To assess barriers to physician participation in cancer clinical trials among oncologists, oncology leaders, and health plan leaders. STUDY…
Medicaid chemical dependency patients in a commercial health plan: do high medical costs come down over time?
A cohort of 197 Medicaid-insured patients presenting for treatment in Kaiser Permanente's outpatient chemical dependency treatment program were observed the…
Intensive care unit admission for asthma: a marker for severe disease
BACKGROUND: There appears to be an asthma epidemic in the United States and other developed countries, with increasing prevalence and…
Incidence of Churg-Strauss syndrome in asthma drug users: a population-based perspective
OBJECTIVE: To estimate the incidence of Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) among a large population of asthma drug users. METHODS: A retrospective…
Impact of depressive symptoms on adult asthma outcomes
BACKGROUND: Psychological disorders, including depression, are common in adults with asthma. Although depression is treatable, its impact on longitudinal asthma…
Trends in severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia rates between 1994 and 2002
OBJECTIVE: To examine temporal trends in the rates of severe bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) between 1994 and 2002. STUDY DESIGN: In…
Richardson score predicts short-term adverse respiratory outcomes in newborns >/=34 weeks gestation
OBJECTIVES: To develop a model to predict which newborns >/=34 weeks gestation with respiratory distress will die or will require…
Identification of patients with Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) using automated data
PURPOSE: Our aim was to identify individuals with Churg-Strauss syndrome (CSS) among asthma drug users, based on patterns of diagnostic…
Are patients with asthma at increased risk of coronary heart disease?
BACKGROUND: Inflammation plays a role in the pathogenesis of athero-thrombosis. Because of the chronic, inflammatory nature of asthma, we hypothesized…
Rehospitalization in the first year of life among infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia
OBJECTIVE: To describe rates and identify risk factors for rehospitalization during the first year of life among infants with bronchopulmonary…
Barriers to hospice care and referrals: survey of physicians’ knowledge, attitudes, and perceptions in a health maintenance organization
INTRODUCTION: Many proponents of hospice care believe that this service is underutilized. OBJECTIVE: To determine physicians' perceptions of hospice utilization…
Tuberculosis in California dialysis patients
SETTING: Kaiser Permanente Northern California dialysis registry. OBJECTIVE: To examine the incidence of tuberculosis disease (TB) in a large, insured…
Risk of cesarean delivery in nulliparous women at greater than 41 weeks’ gestational age with an unengaged vertex
OBJECTIVE: The purpose of this study was to determine whether an unengaged vertex significantly increased the risk of cesarean delivery…
Outcomes of ostomy procedures in patients aged 70 years and older
HYPOTHESIS: Patients aged 70 years and older undergo proportionately more emergency and permanent fecal ostomy procedures than younger patients. Older…
Reproducibility of increased blood pressure during an emergency department or urgent care visit
STUDY OBJECTIVE: We determine the reproducibility of increased blood pressure measurements among adults in the emergency department or minor injury…
Health-related quality of life and future health care utilization for asthma
BACKGROUND: Although health-related quality of life (HRQL) has been increasingly used as an outcome in asthma, its utility for identifying…
A multimedia breast cancer education intervention for low-income Latinas
This paper discusses the results from the field test of a multimedia health education intervention, designed to provide breast cancer…
Medicaid patients in a private health maintenance organization: patterns of chemical dependency treatment
Although many Medicaid beneficiaries receive health care through commercial health maintenance organizations (HMOs), the impact of private managed care on…
Asthma is associated with weight gain in females but not males, independent of physical activity
We tested whether asthma diagnosis is associated with weight gain and physical activity in 4,547 18 to 30-yr-old African American…
Comparison of quality and cost-effectiveness in the evaluation of symptomatic cholelithiasis with different approaches to ultrasound availability in the ED
Ultrasound is the imaging study of choice for the detection of gallstones, but ultrasound through medical imaging departments (MI Sono)…
Targeted testing of children for tuberculosis: validation of a risk assessment questionnaire
OBJECTIVE: Given the directive of the American Academy of Pediatrics to test children for tuberculosis (TB) only if they are…
Do surrogate decision makers provide accurate consent for intensive care research?
CONTEXT: ICU patients are often rendered incapable of making decisions as a result of their illness. The accuracy with which…
The association between asthma, asthma, therapeutic classes and hepatic enzyme elevation among adult HMO members
The results of this case-control study conducted at a large HMO support the notion that severe asthma may be associated…
Ultrasound availability in the evaluation of ectopic pregnancy in the ED: comparison of quality and cost-effectiveness with different approaches
The liberal use of ultrasonography has been advocated in patients with first trimester cramping or bleeding to avoid misdiagnosis of…
Parents’ preferences for outcomes associated with childhood vaccinations
BACKGROUND: The number of shots in the childhood immunization schedule has been increasing and is likely to continue to increase…
Cigarette smoking, alcohol consumption, and risk of ARDS: a 15-year cohort study in a managed care setting
STUDY OBJECTIVE: To examine the association of cigarette smoking and alcohol consumption with hospital presentation of ARDS in a well-defined,…
Relationship of the facial nerve to the tympanic annulus: a direct anatomic examination
OBJECTIVE: To examine the relation of the facial nerve to the only identifiable surgical landmark in the external auditory canal.…
Effect of cigar smoking on the risk of cardiovascular disease, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, and cancer in men
BACKGROUND: The sale of cigars in the United States has been increasing for the past six years. Cigar smoking is…
The cost of medical care for patients with cystic fibrosis in a health maintenance organization
BACKGROUND: Cystic fibrosis (CF) is the most common life-shortening genetic disorder among white individuals worldwide. Previous estimates of the costs…
Neonatal group B streptococcal infection in a managed care population. Perinatal Group B Streptococcal Infection Study Group
OBJECTIVE: In a health maintenance organization population, we determined the incidence of early-onset (at less than or equal to 7…
Experience with a managed care approach to HIV infection: effectiveness of an interdisciplinary team
To evaluate the function and effectiveness of a multidisciplinary team for managing human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection, we conducted a…
